<p>Engineering constructions and operations in karst regions are affected by factors that pose hidden safety hazards. Thus, studying the damage to carbonate rocks by chemical and mechanical action has important theoretical significance and application value for engineering safety in karst regions. Focusing on the damage characteristics of limestone under dissolution and cyclic loads, this study conducted a systematic dissolution test, a mechanical test, and numerical simulation analysis by combining a test study, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. The rock damage behavior and mechanical properties during dissolution under multifactor coupling conditions were revealed. A calibrated numerical model of a uniaxial compression test was established, and a simulation method for mechanical fatigue damage based on the dissolution effect was developed to establish expressions for the relationships between the radius multiplier with the dissolution rate and the factors affecting dissolution. Expressions for the relationship between the cementation dissolution and fracture values with the dissolution rate and damage variables were established. The evolution of the dissolution effect with changes in the rock mechanical properties was examined, and the double damage of limestone by hydrochemical and mechanical actions was simulated. To predict the evolution patterns and development trends of karst, objectively assess the degree of karst landformdevelopment, and provide guarantee for the early identification of karst geological disasters, the stable maintenance of engineering facilities and the evaluation of service safety performance.</p>