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<p>The layered metal-oxide cathode material, NaCu<sub>1/9</sub>Ni<sub>2/9</sub>Fe<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NaC1N2F3M3), for sodium-ion battery has attracted extensive attention in recent years, due to its low cost, good air stability and excellent electrochemical stability. However, the important precursor, namely Cu<sub>1/9</sub>Ni<sub>2/9</sub>Fe<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub> (denoted as C1N2F3M3), for preparing NaC1N2F3M3 cathode materials is usually prepared through traditional one-step co-precipitation process in industry, which generally affords a low tap density (TD) C1N2F3M3 precursor, and the low TD of the precursor has adverse effects on the electrochemical performance of final cathode materials. In this study, a high TD precursor, C1N2F3M3-H, with a NiFeMn@Cu core–shell structure was prepared by a two-step synthetic procedure. The TD of C1N2F3M3-H is 1.86&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which is enhanced by 75% compared with that of C1N2F3M3-L. Importantly, the NaC1N2F3M3-H cathode material prepared from C1N2F3M3-H displays an evidently improved electrochemical performance in the assembled sodium-ion battery compared to NaC1N2F3M3-L prepared from C1N2F3M3-L. The first discharge specific capacity and coulombic efficiency of NaC1N2F3M3-H are 135.34&#xa0;mAh&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> and 98.7% in the voltage range of 2.50–4.05&#xa0;V at 0.1 C. After 100 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention rate is 89.88%, which is higher than 80.82% for NaC1N2F3M3-L. Moreover, the electrochemical dynamics analysis shows that the NaC1N2F3M3-H electrode has faster Na<sup>+</sup> diffusivity and lower charge transfer resistance compared to the NaC1N2F3M3-L electrode, indicating that the NaC1N2F3M3-H has better rate performance and higher conductivity. This study develops a two-step method for preparing the high TD precursor containing quaternary metal-oxide components, from which high-performance cathode materials can be obtained.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Core–shell Ni/Fe/Mn@Cu micron particles with high tap density serving as an effective precursor for preparing high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion battery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月20日

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  • Lunlun Gong,
  • Rensheng Liu,
  • Juan Li,
  • Tian Qiu,
  • Weixiang Chen

摘要

The layered metal-oxide cathode material, NaCu1/9Ni2/9Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NaC1N2F3M3), for sodium-ion battery has attracted extensive attention in recent years, due to its low cost, good air stability and excellent electrochemical stability. However, the important precursor, namely Cu1/9Ni2/9Fe1/3Mn1/3 (denoted as C1N2F3M3), for preparing NaC1N2F3M3 cathode materials is usually prepared through traditional one-step co-precipitation process in industry, which generally affords a low tap density (TD) C1N2F3M3 precursor, and the low TD of the precursor has adverse effects on the electrochemical performance of final cathode materials. In this study, a high TD precursor, C1N2F3M3-H, with a NiFeMn@Cu core–shell structure was prepared by a two-step synthetic procedure. The TD of C1N2F3M3-H is 1.86 g/cm3, which is enhanced by 75% compared with that of C1N2F3M3-L. Importantly, the NaC1N2F3M3-H cathode material prepared from C1N2F3M3-H displays an evidently improved electrochemical performance in the assembled sodium-ion battery compared to NaC1N2F3M3-L prepared from C1N2F3M3-L. The first discharge specific capacity and coulombic efficiency of NaC1N2F3M3-H are 135.34 mAh g−1 and 98.7% in the voltage range of 2.50–4.05 V at 0.1 C. After 100 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention rate is 89.88%, which is higher than 80.82% for NaC1N2F3M3-L. Moreover, the electrochemical dynamics analysis shows that the NaC1N2F3M3-H electrode has faster Na+ diffusivity and lower charge transfer resistance compared to the NaC1N2F3M3-L electrode, indicating that the NaC1N2F3M3-H has better rate performance and higher conductivity. This study develops a two-step method for preparing the high TD precursor containing quaternary metal-oxide components, from which high-performance cathode materials can be obtained.

Graphical abstract