Polypyrrol/iron-manganese oxide/graphene oxide composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors based on core–shell layered structure
摘要
This article introduces an electrode material featuring a core–shell layered structure. The shell component, Polypyrrole (PPy), encapsulates a mixed iron-manganese oxide (Fe₃O₄ + MnO₂) core. The composite, designated as PPy@(Fe₃O₄ + MnO₂)@GO, incorporates this core–shell into a graphene oxide (GO) layered structure. This composite material excels in terms of synthesis and preparatory techniques. The production of Fe₃O₄ and MnO₂ is economical and employs a straightforward chemical oxidation synthesis approach for PPy fabrication. The entire synthesis process is compatible with industrial-scale manufacturing and is technically feasible. Notably, the integration of these four components yields a stable three-dimensional structure, enhancing inter-material interactions. As a layered conductor, GO contributes positively to the double-layer capacitance due to its substantial specific surface area and adsorption capacity. The metal oxides, Fe₃O4 and MnO₂, facilitate the formation of Faradaic capacitors within the composite, while synergistic effects between them enhance the charge storage capability. Electrochemical properties were assessed using an electrochemical test, wherein a specific capacitance of 425 F g⁻1 was recorded at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻1 using a three-electrode configuration. After 5000 charge–discharge cycles, a capacitance retention rate of 72.5% was achieved. The energy density and power density, calculated in a 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte, were 59 W h kg⁻1 and 249.88 W kg⁻1, respectively.
Graphical Abstract