Enhanced phase transformation properties of VO₂(M) powder by Ti doping

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) exhibits remarkable properties during its metal–insulator transition, making it a compelling material for smart windows applications as a thermochromic material. In this study, Ti-doped VO₂(M) (Ti–VO₂(M)) powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method by mixing VOC₂O₄·5H₂O/Ti(SO₄)₂ at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. To comparatively analyze the crystalline microscopic morphology and phase transition properties of the synthesized Ti-doped VO₂(M) powders, several characterization techniques were employed, including XRD, XPS, SEM/TEM, EDS, and DSC. The experimental results suggests that low mixing temperature is beneficial for the stable and homogeneous growth of VO₂(M) grains when in the absence of Ti doping. On the other hand, high mixing temperatures are beneficial for the stable and homogeneous growth of VO₂(M) grains when Ti(SO₄)₂ is introduced, resulting in enhanced phase transition stability of Ti–VO₂(M).