Transfer learning for inverse design of tunable graphene-based meta-surfaces

This paper outlines a new approach to designing tunable electromagnetic (EM) graphene-based meta-surfaces using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). EM meta-surfaces have previously been used to manipulate EM waves by adjusting the local phase of subwavelength elements within the wavelength scale, resulting in a variety of intriguing devices. However, the majority of these devices have only been capable of performing a single function, making it difficult to achieve multiple functionalities in a single design. Graphene, as an active material, offers unique properties, such as tunability, making it an excellent candidate for achieving tunable meta-surfaces. The proposed procedure involves using two CNNs to design the passive structure of the graphene meta-surfaces and predict the chemical potentials required for tunable responses. The CNNs are trained using transfer learning, which significantly reduced the time required to collect the training dataset. The proposed inverse design methodology demonstrates excellent performance in designing reconfigurable EM meta-surfaces, which can be tuned to produce multiple functions, making it highly valuable for various applications. The results indicate that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate and provides a promising method for designing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for future wireless communication systems.