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Abstract <p>Firefly populations worldwide are declining. We studied the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of water and soil on the firefly populations living in three riparian habitats with different anthropogenic pressures: Sungai Sepetang, Sungai Rembau, and Sungai Chukai of Peninsular Malaysia. Five water and soil quality sampling stations and 10 firefly sampling stations were set up along each river. A total of 2625 individuals of fireflies belonging to three species, <i>Pteroptyx tener</i>, <i>Pteroptyx malaccae</i>, and <i>Pteroptyx valida</i>, were sampled. The physicochemical characteristics of water and soil varied between sampling stations and study locations. <i>Pteroptx tener</i> was found to be negatively influenced only by total suspended solids (TSS), suggesting a higher tolerance to pollutants compared to <i>P. malaccae</i>, which was negatively influenced by temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand, and TSS. Each <i>Pteroptyx</i> species showed different tolerance levels towards each physico-chemical parameter, needing further exploration. Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Chukai were categorized as Class III on the Malaysian National Water Quality Standards, corresponding to significant anthropogenic pressures, following land use assessment in both areas signifies higher priorities in conservation work.</p> Implications for insect conservation <p>Our results highlight the need for water management in firefly riparian habitats to conserve these valuable species. We advocate planting native vegetation in the riparian areas to provide shade and reduce water temperature fluctuation. This will also help restore natural wetlands, leading to the control of pH through natural filtration. Our results also advocate stricter state law enforcement to monitor residential, agricultural, and industrial activities surrounding the firefly habitat areas.</p>

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Effects of soil and water physicochemical characteristics under different anthropogenic disturbances on Pteroptyx firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) populations in riparian habitats of Peninsular Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Nur Athirah Abdullah,
  • Nurul Akmar Hussin,
  • Nor Bazilah Razali,
  • Lailatul-Nadhirah Asri,
  • Hani Kartini Agustar,
  • Shahril Mod Husin,
  • Aisah Md. Shukor,
  • Nurul Darsani Ahmad Darbis,
  • Kamaruzzaman Ismail,
  • Norela Sulaiman,
  • Izfa Riza Hazmi

摘要

Abstract

Firefly populations worldwide are declining. We studied the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of water and soil on the firefly populations living in three riparian habitats with different anthropogenic pressures: Sungai Sepetang, Sungai Rembau, and Sungai Chukai of Peninsular Malaysia. Five water and soil quality sampling stations and 10 firefly sampling stations were set up along each river. A total of 2625 individuals of fireflies belonging to three species, Pteroptyx tener, Pteroptyx malaccae, and Pteroptyx valida, were sampled. The physicochemical characteristics of water and soil varied between sampling stations and study locations. Pteroptx tener was found to be negatively influenced only by total suspended solids (TSS), suggesting a higher tolerance to pollutants compared to P. malaccae, which was negatively influenced by temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand, and TSS. Each Pteroptyx species showed different tolerance levels towards each physico-chemical parameter, needing further exploration. Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Chukai were categorized as Class III on the Malaysian National Water Quality Standards, corresponding to significant anthropogenic pressures, following land use assessment in both areas signifies higher priorities in conservation work.

Implications for insect conservation

Our results highlight the need for water management in firefly riparian habitats to conserve these valuable species. We advocate planting native vegetation in the riparian areas to provide shade and reduce water temperature fluctuation. This will also help restore natural wetlands, leading to the control of pH through natural filtration. Our results also advocate stricter state law enforcement to monitor residential, agricultural, and industrial activities surrounding the firefly habitat areas.