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<p><i>Bhutanitis thaidina</i> is a narrowly distributed alpine butterfly species, mostly in forest clearings and subalpine shrublands. The species has been listed on the List of key protected wild animals in China as Class II Protected species since 1989. Its survival status, threat factors, and protection countermeasures need new assessments. The aim of this study is to&#xa0;identify the distribution, habitat requirements, and threat factors of <i>B. thaidina</i> in China. Based on the previous studies on the biological and ecological characteristics of <i>B. thaidina,</i> the distribution sites and habitat requirements of <i>B. thaidina</i> in the Qinling Mountains, Minshan Mountains and Hengduan Mountains are investigated using historical data collection, specimen check and transect surveys from 2019 to 2024. The threat factors are summarized and the endangered status in large scale is evaluated. The results showed that <i>B. thaidina</i> is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains, Minshan Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, and the Shennongjia Mountains. Their habitat ranges from 1092 to 3448&#xa0;m, and the vegetation coverage ranges from 40 to 75%. The population has multiple sites of distribution but occurs in low numbers where present. Human disturbance, natural enemy predation, interspecific competition, and climate change are the main factors affecting the survival of <i>B. thaidina</i>.</p><p><b>Implications for insect conservation</b>&#xa0;We suggest that the protection level of <i>B. thaidina</i> should remain on the List of key protected wild animals in China as Class II Protected species. The protection and restoration strategies for <i>B. thaidina</i> include: strengthening habitat management, limiting host plant elimination and habitat destruction, improving the quality of microhabitats, planting host plants in situ to artificially raise and restore populations, and establishing vertical migration corridors.</p>

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Distribution, habitat preferences, and threat factors of the butterfly Bhutanitis thaidina

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Fengming Lv,
  • Xiushan Li,
  • Liqiu Zhang,
  • Xuemei Chang,
  • Xinghai Zuo,
  • Josef Settele

摘要

Bhutanitis thaidina is a narrowly distributed alpine butterfly species, mostly in forest clearings and subalpine shrublands. The species has been listed on the List of key protected wild animals in China as Class II Protected species since 1989. Its survival status, threat factors, and protection countermeasures need new assessments. The aim of this study is to identify the distribution, habitat requirements, and threat factors of B. thaidina in China. Based on the previous studies on the biological and ecological characteristics of B. thaidina, the distribution sites and habitat requirements of B. thaidina in the Qinling Mountains, Minshan Mountains and Hengduan Mountains are investigated using historical data collection, specimen check and transect surveys from 2019 to 2024. The threat factors are summarized and the endangered status in large scale is evaluated. The results showed that B. thaidina is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains, Minshan Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, and the Shennongjia Mountains. Their habitat ranges from 1092 to 3448 m, and the vegetation coverage ranges from 40 to 75%. The population has multiple sites of distribution but occurs in low numbers where present. Human disturbance, natural enemy predation, interspecific competition, and climate change are the main factors affecting the survival of B. thaidina.

Implications for insect conservation We suggest that the protection level of B. thaidina should remain on the List of key protected wild animals in China as Class II Protected species. The protection and restoration strategies for B. thaidina include: strengthening habitat management, limiting host plant elimination and habitat destruction, improving the quality of microhabitats, planting host plants in situ to artificially raise and restore populations, and establishing vertical migration corridors.