Real-time assessment of inter and intraventricular synchrony in cardiac resynchronization therapy with left bundle branch pacing using ECGi and low-frequency QRS analysis
摘要
Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is an alternative to conventional biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
MethodsA 76-year-old male was referred for CRT via left bundle branch pacing (LBBP). We present the real-time characterization of the transition from intrinsic left bundle branch block (LBBB) to sequential pacing modalities: right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP), left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP), and finally LBBP. Epicardial activation maps from electrocardiographic imaging (ECGi) and low-frequency (LF) QRS analysis were used to provide complementary insights into inter- and intraventricular synchrony.
ResultsLVSP, LBBP, and anodal capture improved activation compared with baseline, with LBBP achieving the greatest improvements in interventricular and LV intraventricular synchrony despite higher RV dispersion.
ConclusionThese findings highlight ECGi and LF QRS as valuable tools to guide CRT.
Graphical AbstractBody surface potentials were recorded using a 128-electrode array covering the anterior and posterior torso. Ventricular ECGi maps and derived markers were then computed. A standard 12-lead ECG was simultaneously obtained from 10 conventional electrodes, and the ventricular activation sequence and precordial activation delay (pAD) were calculated. Both baseline and different pacing locations were analyzed.