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Background <p>Risk scores have been used to assess stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF) for reducing ischemic stroke and bleeding risk. Information gain ratio (IGR) is an entropy-based parameter that shows which clinical score is more informative for prediction of the clinical endpoint.</p> Objective <p>Herein, we aimed to generate and validate a stroke risk score based on the TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) data.</p> Methods <p>We used a split-sample approach to develop and internally validate the new stroke risk score. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, we generated CHADS-F in the anticoagulation naïve TRAF cohort (274,631 patients). CHADS-F stands for Cardiac failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age (≥ 65–69 = 1 point, ≥ 70–74 = 2 points ≥ 75 = 3 points), diabetes (1 point), stroke (2 points), and older female (1 point) (≥ 65). External validation was performed in the “Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF)” Registry. Informative capacity and accuracy of the CHADS-F score was compared with CHADS<sub>2</sub> and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores.</p> Results <p>In anticoagulation naïve cohort, CHADS-F (IGR for all cohort: 0.7526) outperforms both the CHADS<sub>2</sub> (IGR for all cohort: 0.6340) and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc (IGR for all cohort: 0.6969) in terms of the IGR for ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed highest accuracy for the CHADS-F score [area under curve for CHADS-F: 0.743, CHADS<sub>2</sub>: 0.722, and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc: 0.722]. CHADS-F had good discriminative abilities at predicting clinical endpoints in the GARFIELD-AF registry.</p> Conclusion <p>The CHADS-F score had higher informative capacity and accuracy than the current CHADS<sub>2</sub> and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores for predicting stroke and systemic embolism.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A new score with superior stroke risk prediction in atrial fibrillation: entropy-based information gain approaches in a large nationwide cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Emre Oto,
  • Sercan Okutucu,
  • Deniz Katircioglu Öztürk,
  • Naim Ata,
  • Bunyamin Yavuz,
  • Chris Gale,
  • A. John Camm,
  • Karen S. Pieper,
  • Ajay K. Kakkar,
  • Ali Oto

摘要

Background

Risk scores have been used to assess stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF) for reducing ischemic stroke and bleeding risk. Information gain ratio (IGR) is an entropy-based parameter that shows which clinical score is more informative for prediction of the clinical endpoint.

Objective

Herein, we aimed to generate and validate a stroke risk score based on the TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) data.

Methods

We used a split-sample approach to develop and internally validate the new stroke risk score. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, we generated CHADS-F in the anticoagulation naïve TRAF cohort (274,631 patients). CHADS-F stands for Cardiac failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age (≥ 65–69 = 1 point, ≥ 70–74 = 2 points ≥ 75 = 3 points), diabetes (1 point), stroke (2 points), and older female (1 point) (≥ 65). External validation was performed in the “Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF)” Registry. Informative capacity and accuracy of the CHADS-F score was compared with CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores.

Results

In anticoagulation naïve cohort, CHADS-F (IGR for all cohort: 0.7526) outperforms both the CHADS2 (IGR for all cohort: 0.6340) and CHA2DS2-VASc (IGR for all cohort: 0.6969) in terms of the IGR for ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed highest accuracy for the CHADS-F score [area under curve for CHADS-F: 0.743, CHADS2: 0.722, and CHA2DS2-VASc: 0.722]. CHADS-F had good discriminative abilities at predicting clinical endpoints in the GARFIELD-AF registry.

Conclusion

The CHADS-F score had higher informative capacity and accuracy than the current CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for predicting stroke and systemic embolism.

Graphical abstract