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<p>This study investigates the linkage between the trajectories of family unsecured debt (including credit card debt, student loan, medical debt, legal loan, family loan, and other debt) and adolescents’ mental health. Analyzing longitudinal U.S. data of 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics and 2019 Child Development Supplement, I first mapped out the trajectories of debt burden (defined as having a total unsecured debt-to-income ratio of 0.25 or higher) between 2013 and 2019 using group-based trajectory modeling and identified four groups: (1) not being over-indebted, (2) becoming over-indebted, (3) moving out of over-indebtedness, and (4) persistent over-indebtedness. I then used the group membership to predict the depression score of children aged 12–17 in 2019 using Poisson regression and controlling for child- and family-level characteristics. I also conducted separate analyses by marital status and sex of the reference person in the family. The analysis identified distinct patterns of family unsecured debt over time and a positive association between persistent over-indebtedness and adolescent depression in unmarried or female-headed families, but not in married or male-headed families.</p>

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Mapping Family Unsecured Debt Trajectories and Their Association with Adolescent Depression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月16日

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  • Hua Zan

摘要

This study investigates the linkage between the trajectories of family unsecured debt (including credit card debt, student loan, medical debt, legal loan, family loan, and other debt) and adolescents’ mental health. Analyzing longitudinal U.S. data of 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics and 2019 Child Development Supplement, I first mapped out the trajectories of debt burden (defined as having a total unsecured debt-to-income ratio of 0.25 or higher) between 2013 and 2019 using group-based trajectory modeling and identified four groups: (1) not being over-indebted, (2) becoming over-indebted, (3) moving out of over-indebtedness, and (4) persistent over-indebtedness. I then used the group membership to predict the depression score of children aged 12–17 in 2019 using Poisson regression and controlling for child- and family-level characteristics. I also conducted separate analyses by marital status and sex of the reference person in the family. The analysis identified distinct patterns of family unsecured debt over time and a positive association between persistent over-indebtedness and adolescent depression in unmarried or female-headed families, but not in married or male-headed families.