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<p>Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi₀.₅Na₀.₅TiO₃, BNT) is a promising ferroelectric material owing to its strong polarization behavior and temperature-dependent dielectric properties. In this work, we synthesized BNT using a conventional solid-state reaction method and sintered the samples at various temperatures to investigate the evolution of microstructure and its impact on the functional properties of BNT ceramics. To minimize free energy, grain boundary reduction occurs by increasing the average grain size and promoting the relative density of the sintered ceramics. The microstructure evolution was studied using SEM, which showed uniform grain growth around optimum sintering temperatures. The grains increased slightly abnormally when the sintering temperature increased up to 1473&#xa0;K. The dielectric study exhibited a high dielectric constant at low frequencies, reflecting the defect-induced polarization combined with grain growth. Enhanced polarization was observed in BNT ceramics due to moderate grain growth, with the highest P<sub>max</sub> of 51.26 µC/cm² at 80&#xa0;kV/cm for samples sintered at 1423&#xa0;K. It was found that the properties improved with increasing sintering temperature, reaching their peak values around the optimum temperature.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Role of sintering temperature in tailoring dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Bi₀.₅Na₀.₅TiO₃ ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Saraswati Rawat,
  • Satyendra Singh,
  • Roopam Gaur

摘要

Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi₀.₅Na₀.₅TiO₃, BNT) is a promising ferroelectric material owing to its strong polarization behavior and temperature-dependent dielectric properties. In this work, we synthesized BNT using a conventional solid-state reaction method and sintered the samples at various temperatures to investigate the evolution of microstructure and its impact on the functional properties of BNT ceramics. To minimize free energy, grain boundary reduction occurs by increasing the average grain size and promoting the relative density of the sintered ceramics. The microstructure evolution was studied using SEM, which showed uniform grain growth around optimum sintering temperatures. The grains increased slightly abnormally when the sintering temperature increased up to 1473 K. The dielectric study exhibited a high dielectric constant at low frequencies, reflecting the defect-induced polarization combined with grain growth. Enhanced polarization was observed in BNT ceramics due to moderate grain growth, with the highest Pmax of 51.26 µC/cm² at 80 kV/cm for samples sintered at 1423 K. It was found that the properties improved with increasing sintering temperature, reaching their peak values around the optimum temperature.

Graphical abstract