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<p>(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Ba<sub><i>x</i></sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics with <i>x</i> = 0.10 and 0.16 Ba content (BNBT–10 and BNBT–16) were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method modified by high-power sonication (HPS) during the mixing, milling, and pressing stages. The structural, microstructural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated and compared with those of conventionally processed counterparts. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the coexistence of both antiferroelectric (P4<i>bm</i>) and ferroelectric (P4<i>mm</i>) tetragonal phases for BNBT–10, while a single P4<i>mm</i> phase was observed for BNBT–16. The HPS-processed ceramics exhibited smaller unit-cell volumes and lower tetragonality factors than conventionally prepared samples. Microstructural analysis revealed more homogeneous grain-size distributions and grain shapes in the ultrasound-treated samples, although with slightly lower density. Raman spectroscopy revealed broader bands consistent with A-site disorder, and the shifts in vibrational modes correlated with the observed lattice parameter variations. Dielectric measurements showed relaxor-like behavior for the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition, with the temperature anomalies shifted to lower values compared to those of conventional ceramics, along with higher dielectric losses. Despite this, well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops were obtained. Notably, the HPS-processed ceramics demonstrated significantly higher electromechanical anisotropy, particularly in the <i>d</i><sub>33</sub>/<i>d</i><sub>31</sub> ratio, which is attributed to grain orientation induced by uniaxial pressing combined with ultrasound treatment prior to sintering. The results indicate that the incorporation of high-power sonication into the conventional ceramic processing route offers a viable approach for producing homogeneous piezoelectric ceramics with tailored electromechanical anisotropy, warranting further exploration for applications requiring specific vibration modes.</p>

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Structure, morphology, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)1–xBaxTiO3 ceramics produced with application of high-power ultrasound

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Y. Pérez-Martín,
  • A. C. Iglesias-Jaime,
  • Y. González-Abreu,
  • A. J. Aday-Cantero,
  • M. A. S. Mariano,
  • V. K. Frolov,
  • A. D. Shilin,
  • V. V. Rubanik,
  • V. V. Rubanik Jr.,
  • Yan Li,
  • Tongqing Yang,
  • J. D. S. Guerra,
  • A. N. Salak,
  • A. Peláiz-Barranco

摘要

(Bi0.5Na0.5)1–xBaxTiO3 ceramics with x = 0.10 and 0.16 Ba content (BNBT–10 and BNBT–16) were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method modified by high-power sonication (HPS) during the mixing, milling, and pressing stages. The structural, microstructural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated and compared with those of conventionally processed counterparts. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the coexistence of both antiferroelectric (P4bm) and ferroelectric (P4mm) tetragonal phases for BNBT–10, while a single P4mm phase was observed for BNBT–16. The HPS-processed ceramics exhibited smaller unit-cell volumes and lower tetragonality factors than conventionally prepared samples. Microstructural analysis revealed more homogeneous grain-size distributions and grain shapes in the ultrasound-treated samples, although with slightly lower density. Raman spectroscopy revealed broader bands consistent with A-site disorder, and the shifts in vibrational modes correlated with the observed lattice parameter variations. Dielectric measurements showed relaxor-like behavior for the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition, with the temperature anomalies shifted to lower values compared to those of conventional ceramics, along with higher dielectric losses. Despite this, well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops were obtained. Notably, the HPS-processed ceramics demonstrated significantly higher electromechanical anisotropy, particularly in the d33/d31 ratio, which is attributed to grain orientation induced by uniaxial pressing combined with ultrasound treatment prior to sintering. The results indicate that the incorporation of high-power sonication into the conventional ceramic processing route offers a viable approach for producing homogeneous piezoelectric ceramics with tailored electromechanical anisotropy, warranting further exploration for applications requiring specific vibration modes.