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<p>In this study, a new phase boundary was successfully established in (1-<i>x</i>)(K<sub>0.48</sub>Na<sub>0.48</sub>Li<sub>0.04</sub>)(Nb<sub>0.95</sub>Sb<sub>0.05</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> –<i>x</i>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>HfO<sub>3</sub> (KNLNS–xBKH) ternary ceramics. Changes in phase structure were verified by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman scattering measurements of KNLNS–<i>x</i>BKH with varying <i>x</i> contents. The results indicate that KNLNS–xBKH exhibits an orthorhombic phase (<i>Amm</i>2) at <i>x</i> = 0, a mixed orthorhombic-tetragonal phase (<i>Amm</i>2 + <i>P</i>4<i>mm</i>) at <i>x</i> = 0.01–0.02, a mixed rhombohedral-tetragonal (<i>R</i>-<i>T</i>) phase (<i>R</i>3<i>m</i> + <i>P</i>4<i>mm</i>) at <i>x</i> = 0.03–0.04, and ultimately to a single rhombohedral phase (<i>R</i>3<i>m</i>) at <i>x</i> = 0.05. Under optimal conditions, the (1-<i>x</i>)KNLNS–<i>x</i>BKH ceramics demonstrated remarkable electrical properties, including a density of 4.58&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, a piezoelectric constant (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub>) of 238 pC/N, a remanent polarization of (<i>P</i><sub>r</sub>) of 15.4 µC/cm<sup>2</sup> and a high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>C</sub>) of nearly 310&#xa0;°C at <i>x</i> = 0.03. These properties are attributed to the establishment of a new rhombohedral (<i>R</i>)–tetragonal (<i>T</i>) phase boundary with microstructures characterized by high density, large grain size, and low porosity. Furthermore, KNLNS–<i>x</i>BKH ceramics with <i>x</i> = 0.05 exhibited a high recoverable energy density (<i>W</i><sub>rec</sub> = 0.26&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup>) and a large energy storage efficiency (<i>η</i> = 56.8%) under a low electric field of 20&#xa0;kV/cm, representing a significant advancement towards the development of practical applications.</p>

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Design of a new phase boundary to enhance the piezoelectric properties of lead-free (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 – Bi0.5K0.5HfO3 ternary ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Le Dai Vuong,
  • Ngo Xuan Cuong,
  • Nguyen Dang Nhat,
  • Le Dinh Hieu,
  • Vo Quang Nha,
  • Le Van Tan,
  • Vo Thanh Tung,
  • Vo-Thi Thanh Kieu,
  • Nguyen Huu Chuc,
  • Pai-Chun Wei

摘要

In this study, a new phase boundary was successfully established in (1-x)(K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 –xBi0.5K0.5HfO3 (KNLNS–xBKH) ternary ceramics. Changes in phase structure were verified by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman scattering measurements of KNLNS–xBKH with varying x contents. The results indicate that KNLNS–xBKH exhibits an orthorhombic phase (Amm2) at x = 0, a mixed orthorhombic-tetragonal phase (Amm2 + P4mm) at x = 0.01–0.02, a mixed rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) phase (R3m + P4mm) at x = 0.03–0.04, and ultimately to a single rhombohedral phase (R3m) at x = 0.05. Under optimal conditions, the (1-x)KNLNS–xBKH ceramics demonstrated remarkable electrical properties, including a density of 4.58 g/cm3, a piezoelectric constant (d33) of 238 pC/N, a remanent polarization of (Pr) of 15.4 µC/cm2 and a high Curie temperature (TC) of nearly 310 °C at x = 0.03. These properties are attributed to the establishment of a new rhombohedral (R)–tetragonal (T) phase boundary with microstructures characterized by high density, large grain size, and low porosity. Furthermore, KNLNS–xBKH ceramics with x = 0.05 exhibited a high recoverable energy density (Wrec = 0.26 J/cm3) and a large energy storage efficiency (η = 56.8%) under a low electric field of 20 kV/cm, representing a significant advancement towards the development of practical applications.