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<p>To investigate the role of donor-acceptor co-doping in relaxor-PT piezoelectric compounds, we studied Sm<sup>3+</sup>/Nd<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup>-doped and co-doped 0.24Pb(In<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-0.46Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-0.3PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.3PT) ternary ceramics. Among the doped samples, the Sm-doped ceramic exhibited the highest room-temperature properties, including dielectric constant (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{{\upepsilon\:}}_{\text{r}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>= 4211), piezoelectric charge coefficient (d<sub>33</sub> = 800 pC/N), and electromechanical coupling coefficients (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{k}}_{33}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>= 0.63 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{k}}_{\text{p}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=0.56). In contrast, the Mn-doped compound demonstrated the highest Curie temperature (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{T}}_{\text{c}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>= 187&#xa0;°C) and coercive field (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>= 13.4&#xa0;kV/cm), attributed to defect dipole formation. Intermediate co-doping with Sm/Mn or Nd/Mn resulted in higher <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> but lower d<sub>33</sub> compared to undoped, Sm-, or Nd-doped counterparts. This indicates that Mn co-doping enhances <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at the expense of d<sub>33</sub>, introducing an internal bias field (<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10832_2025_437_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{i}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) that promotes hard piezoelectric behavior in these ceramics. </p>

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Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of Sm3+/Nd3+/Mn2+-doped and Sm3+/Mn2+-, and Nd3+/Mn2+-codoped 0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT ternary ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Yahya Azizi,
  • Mohsen Yazdanmehr,
  • Hossein Ahmadvand,
  • Mohammad Reza Kazerani Vahdani,
  • Hassan Ahmadvand

摘要

To investigate the role of donor-acceptor co-doping in relaxor-PT piezoelectric compounds, we studied Sm3+/Nd3+/Mn2+-doped and co-doped 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.46Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.3PT) ternary ceramics. Among the doped samples, the Sm-doped ceramic exhibited the highest room-temperature properties, including dielectric constant ( \(\:{{\upepsilon\:}}_{\text{r}}\) = 4211), piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33 = 800 pC/N), and electromechanical coupling coefficients ( \(\:{\text{k}}_{33}\) = 0.63 and \(\:{\text{k}}_{\text{p}}\) =0.56). In contrast, the Mn-doped compound demonstrated the highest Curie temperature ( \(\:{\text{T}}_{\text{c}}\) = 187 °C) and coercive field ( \(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\) = 13.4 kV/cm), attributed to defect dipole formation. Intermediate co-doping with Sm/Mn or Nd/Mn resulted in higher \(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\) but lower d33 compared to undoped, Sm-, or Nd-doped counterparts. This indicates that Mn co-doping enhances \(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{c}}\) at the expense of d33, introducing an internal bias field ( \(\:{\text{E}}_{\text{i}}\) ) that promotes hard piezoelectric behavior in these ceramics.