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<p>Perovskite materials that exhibit multiferroic properties at room temperature have the potential to serve as the base for the next generation of magnetoelectric and memory devices. In this work, we focus on obtaining and enhancing the ferromagnetic property of the multiferroic BiFeO<sub>3</sub> co-substituted with Ba<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> at the <i>A-</i> and <i>B-sites</i> of the perovskite. Bi<sub>0.75</sub>Ba<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>1-x</sub>Cr<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) ceramic powders were prepared by a modified sol-gel Pechini method. Rietveld refinement analyses revealed a transformation from rhombohedral (<i>R3c</i>) to tetragonal (<i>P4mm</i>) symmetry with the addition of the substituent cations to the samples, whose symmetries were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the structural evolution is confirmed due to the bands observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) from 856&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> to 933&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>, related to metal-oxygen-metal bonds, demonstrating the effect of incorporating Ba<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> in the BiFeO<sub>3</sub> crystal structure. UV-Vis spectra evaluated by Tauc plots revealed a decrease in the BiFeO<sub>3</sub> band gap, obtaining values of 1.9&#xa0;eV and 1.8&#xa0;eV, with the addition of barium and barium-chromium, respectively, as compared with reported values of 2.2 to 2.5&#xa0;eV in undoped BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. An antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic evolution in bismuth ferrite due to its substituent cations was determined by a Physical Property Measurement System – Vibrating Sample Magnetometer magnetic hysteresis loops, where a remnant magnetization of 1&#xa0;emu/g and a coercivity of around 4.3&#xa0;kOe were obtained in the Bi<sub>0.75</sub>Ba<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.9</sub>Cr<sub>0.01</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sample.</p>

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Crystallographic study, spectroscopy properties, and magnetic response of BiFeO3 substituted at the A- and B-sites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Miguel Márquez-Torres,
  • Estefania Venegas-Contreras,
  • Karime Carrera-Gutiérrez,
  • Antonio Ramirez-DelaCruz,
  • Maria Cristina Grijalva-Castillo,
  • Gabriel Rojas-George,
  • Armando Reyes-Rojas

摘要

Perovskite materials that exhibit multiferroic properties at room temperature have the potential to serve as the base for the next generation of magnetoelectric and memory devices. In this work, we focus on obtaining and enhancing the ferromagnetic property of the multiferroic BiFeO3 co-substituted with Ba2+ and Cr3+ at the A- and B-sites of the perovskite. Bi0.75Ba0.25Fe1-xCrxO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) ceramic powders were prepared by a modified sol-gel Pechini method. Rietveld refinement analyses revealed a transformation from rhombohedral (R3c) to tetragonal (P4mm) symmetry with the addition of the substituent cations to the samples, whose symmetries were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the structural evolution is confirmed due to the bands observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) from 856 cm−1 to 933 cm−1, related to metal-oxygen-metal bonds, demonstrating the effect of incorporating Ba2+ and Cr3+ in the BiFeO3 crystal structure. UV-Vis spectra evaluated by Tauc plots revealed a decrease in the BiFeO3 band gap, obtaining values of 1.9 eV and 1.8 eV, with the addition of barium and barium-chromium, respectively, as compared with reported values of 2.2 to 2.5 eV in undoped BiFeO3. An antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic evolution in bismuth ferrite due to its substituent cations was determined by a Physical Property Measurement System – Vibrating Sample Magnetometer magnetic hysteresis loops, where a remnant magnetization of 1 emu/g and a coercivity of around 4.3 kOe were obtained in the Bi0.75Ba0.25Fe0.9Cr0.01O3 sample.