Comprehensive analysis of structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic properties of Mn, Fe-Doped BaTiO3 nanoparticles
摘要
Mn- and Fe-doped BaTiO3 samples were synthesized via the solid-state reaction route at ambient temperature. The structural analysis, performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, confirmed a single-phase structure for the Fe-doped sample, while the Mn-doped sample exhibited a secondary TiO2 impurity phase. The impact of doping was evident in the variations of Ba–O and Ti–O bond lengths, as revealed by Rietveld refinement and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Optical studies demonstrated a significant reduction in bandgap energy from 3.18 eV to 1.92 eV, highlighting the potential for tuning the material’s optical and electronic properties. Surface morphology and elemental composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Notably, Fe doping led to a considerable enhancement in magnetization, increasing from 0.078 emu/g to 0.107 emu/g, indicating its potential for magnetic applications.