An overview of the optical and magnetic properties of Ba_0.6Cd_0.4TiO₃ micro rods prepared by the facile sol-gel approach for spintronic applications

Over the years, there has been a relentless approach to manufacturing magnetic materials with a required magnetism whereby they could be tuned for a specific purpose such that there can be a lot of scope for pumping in new materials of technological importance. Because of its innovative uses in spintronic devices, titanate-based magnetic materials have received a lot of scientific as well as pioneering research recognition. Ba_0.6Cd_0.4TiO₃ micro rods have been prepared in the current experimental study using the simple sol-gel technique. Ba_0.6Cd_0.4TiO₃ has a rod-like morphology with a diameter of around 404–744 nm and a lattice strain (ϵ) of 5.4 × 10^− 4 and dislocation density (δ) of 1.34 × 10¹⁴ m^− 2, as seen by the W-H plot constructed from the XRD data. XPS analysis clearly indicates that the relatively small ferromagnetism perceived in Ba_0.6Cd_0.4TiO₃ is caused by Ba defects or Ti³⁺ ions. Using the absorbance spectrum, the value of 3.18 eV is computed as the optical band gap. A low saturation magnetization, M_s = 3.58 × 10^− 3 emu/g, a remanence, M_r = 2.72 × 10^− 4 emu/g, and a coercivity, H_c = 122.45 Oe are additional characteristics observed for the micro rods in room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). The RTFM observed in this study suggests that the synthesized microrods would be suitable for utilization in the developing field of spintronic devices.