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<p>Strong parent–child relationships, open communication, and effective parental monitoring are consistently associated with reduced adolescent tobacco use. Yet, few studies model these processes jointly or test gender-specific communication pathways. Guided by Family Systems Theory, we tested whether higher parent–child relationship quality is associated with lower teen tobacco use directly and indirectly via parental monitoring, and whether communication effects differ for mother vs. father-child dyads on its impact on teen tobacco use. Data were drawn from the age-15 wave (2014–2017) of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS; <i>n</i> = 3,442; <i>M</i> = 15.6, <i>SD</i> = 0.77). The sample was racially/ethnically diverse (46.5% Black, 26.6% Hispanic, 17.1% White, 2.5% Other, 5.1% Multiracial). We estimated structural equation models to assess hypothesized pathways. Results indicated that higher relationship quality was associated with lower tobacco use, with parental monitoring emerging as a partial indirect pathway. Communication was protective for both mothers and fathers, and the difference between parent genders was not statistically significant. Findings support family-based prevention that strengthens relationship closeness, promotes open dialogue, and enhances everyday monitoring to reduce teen tobacco use in early adolescence.</p>

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Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Teen Tobacco Use: A Structural Equation Mediation Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Olanrewaju L. Lawal,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Samantha K. Jones,
  • Kathleen Walker

摘要

Strong parent–child relationships, open communication, and effective parental monitoring are consistently associated with reduced adolescent tobacco use. Yet, few studies model these processes jointly or test gender-specific communication pathways. Guided by Family Systems Theory, we tested whether higher parent–child relationship quality is associated with lower teen tobacco use directly and indirectly via parental monitoring, and whether communication effects differ for mother vs. father-child dyads on its impact on teen tobacco use. Data were drawn from the age-15 wave (2014–2017) of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS; n = 3,442; M = 15.6, SD = 0.77). The sample was racially/ethnically diverse (46.5% Black, 26.6% Hispanic, 17.1% White, 2.5% Other, 5.1% Multiracial). We estimated structural equation models to assess hypothesized pathways. Results indicated that higher relationship quality was associated with lower tobacco use, with parental monitoring emerging as a partial indirect pathway. Communication was protective for both mothers and fathers, and the difference between parent genders was not statistically significant. Findings support family-based prevention that strengthens relationship closeness, promotes open dialogue, and enhances everyday monitoring to reduce teen tobacco use in early adolescence.