<p>Parental disciplinary practices are important for the psychosocial adjustment of children and preschoolers. However, less is known about the relative associations of rewarding and punitive disciplinary practices in adolescents. The current cross-sectional study examines the associations of maternal and paternal rewarding and punitive parenting practices with self-regulation and social competence in relation to child gender. A sample of 349 adolescent boys (N = 185) and girls (N = 164) between 12 and 17 years of age (M_age = 14.56 years; SD = 1.01) participated in the study. Participants were assessed on Parent-child Relationship Scale to report perceived punitive and rewarding parenting, Self-regulation Questionnaire, and Social Competence Scale. Results from correlation and mediation model showed that positive associations of rewarding parenting with self-regulation and social competence were similar for mothers and fathers while negative associations of punitive parenting were different for mothers and fathers. Only punitive parenting from fathers was significantly associated with both outcomes. Furthermore, self-regulation explained the positive association of rewarding parenting from both parents and the negative association of punitive parenting from fathers with social competence. Findings from mediated moderation model revealed that adolescent gender significantly interacted with only rewarding parenting from mothers and fathers to positively predict social competence with stronger associations for girls than boys. The present findings advance theoretical understanding of parenting dynamics by providing empirical evidence for the significance of parental rewarding strategies and adversities of punitive parenting. The findings also call for involving both mothers and fathers in parenting training programs.</p>