<p>This study aimed at examining the effects of exposure to child maltreatment, household dysfunction, and racial minority on juvenile justice involvement in Taiwan. A case-control study used cumulative incidence sampling to obtain a national representative sample with 349 justice-involved youths (cases) from juvenile correctional institutions and halfway schools and 1016 age, sex, and residence-matched adolescents (controls) from high schools. Child maltreatment was measured using the Chinese version of ICAST-CH. Participants were asked to indicate their household dysfunction and parents’ races. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for juvenile justice involvement. Compared to controls, cases experienced significantly more child maltreatment and household dysfunction. Each type of maltreatment was associated with an increased risk of juvenile justice involvement. Adolescents with child maltreatment experiences had higher odds of being offenders even after adjusting for the socioeconomics, race, and household dysfunctions. Household dysfunctions, including parental separation and family histories of substance abuse, mental health issues, and criminal record, also elevated the risk. Adolescents with Indigenous parents were more likely to commit crimes than those with Taiwanese Han parents. The connection between childhood adversities and youth justice involvement underscores the critical need for targeted interventions to disrupt this cycle.</p>