<p>Maternal incarceration among older children has been linked to adverse outcomes during childhood. Less is known about exposure to maternal incarceration prenatally or in infancy. Caregiving-related factors, particularly instability in caregivers, may increase children’s risk for poor outcomes, but few studies have assessed caregiving relationships in this vulnerable population. The purpose of this study was to utilize a unique cohort of infants exposed prenatally to maternal incarceration to investigate children’s caregiving experiences in infancy. We analyzed closed and open-ended survey questions from caregivers of 57 infants collected at birth and when infants were three, six, nine, and twelve months old to ascertain the incidence of change in caregivers, why change occurred, and any predictors of change. We mapped infants’ care arrangements using alluvial plots, calculated the incidence of change in caregivers, conducted a textual analysis of open-ended questions and used Cox proportional hazards models to ascertain predictors of change in primary caregivers. Results revealed that infants primarily remain in the care of a grandparent or other kin. Instability in primary caregivers affected one quarter of the sample. One fifth of infants experienced instability in non-maternal caregivers. The primary reasons children experienced a change in non-maternal caregivers were child welfare related. Being placed with a kinship caregiver at birth was protective for disruption in non-maternal caregiving relationships. Our results suggest these infants are at high risk of instability in primary caregiving, potentially predisposing them to adverse developmental outcomes. Caregivers of infants of incarcerated mothers should be targeted for enhanced social support.</p>