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<p>This study presents a ring core photonic crystal fiber (RC-PCF) capable of supporting 290 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in the C and L telecommunication bands. The fiber incorporates a spiral air-hole geometry with a varying pattern that generates a gradient refractive index profile, enabling exceptional mode confinement. A high-index chalcogenide (As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) ring core surrounded by silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) cladding enables stable propagation with &gt; 95% mode purity and minimal inter-channel crosstalk, ensured by an effective refractive index difference exceeding 10<sup>–4</sup> for all modes. Structural optimization yields a large numerical aperture (0.33–0.36), ultra-low confinement losses (10<sup>–10</sup>–10<sup>–12</sup>&#xa0;dB/m), and a low nonlinear coefficient (0.19–0.23 W<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;km<sup>−1</sup>). Bending analysis confirms strong tolerance, while 2π and 10&#xa0;ps walk-off lengths validate signal integrity under practical conditions. The proposed chalcogenide-silica PCF combines low nonlinearity, high mode density and improved bend tolerance making it a revolutionary platform for high-capacity space-division multiplexing in next-generation optical networks.</p>

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Graded index spiral ring-core photonic crystal fiber supporting high-purity OAM modes: design and analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Arrvindaksh,
  • Akash Khamaru,
  • Deepak Garg,
  • Ajeet Kumar

摘要

This study presents a ring core photonic crystal fiber (RC-PCF) capable of supporting 290 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in the C and L telecommunication bands. The fiber incorporates a spiral air-hole geometry with a varying pattern that generates a gradient refractive index profile, enabling exceptional mode confinement. A high-index chalcogenide (As2S3) ring core surrounded by silica (SiO2) cladding enables stable propagation with > 95% mode purity and minimal inter-channel crosstalk, ensured by an effective refractive index difference exceeding 10–4 for all modes. Structural optimization yields a large numerical aperture (0.33–0.36), ultra-low confinement losses (10–10–10–12 dB/m), and a low nonlinear coefficient (0.19–0.23 W−1 km−1). Bending analysis confirms strong tolerance, while 2π and 10 ps walk-off lengths validate signal integrity under practical conditions. The proposed chalcogenide-silica PCF combines low nonlinearity, high mode density and improved bend tolerance making it a revolutionary platform for high-capacity space-division multiplexing in next-generation optical networks.