<p>This paper investigates intergenerational relationships within rural Indigenous communities in Pingtung County, Taiwan, exploring how these dynamics are shaped by colonization and modernization, and their impact on individual, familial, and community well-being. Using an adapted intergenerational solidarity framework, the qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with twenty-one participants from Paiwan and Rukai groups. Key findings reveal that Indigenous definitions for age-related constructs are relational (“vuvu”), based on accumulated knowledge and social position rather than chronological age, signifying a valuable life stage. Skipped-generational childrearing is a vital traditional practice where grandparents care for grandchildren, crucial for knowledge transfer. However, knowledge transmission faces barriers due to mismatches between traditional experiential learning and modern education systems, qualification issues, and varying enthusiasm from younger generations. Conflicted views exist regarding cultural and environmental preservation, with some older adults prioritizing immediate economic security over long-term cultural impacts, often due to hardship. Formal elder care programmes, while offering a “win-win” solution by providing local employment, can have rigid structures that conflict with seniors’ traditional routines. These findings demonstrated strong solidarity, as well as conflicts, between different generations in Indigenous communities in Taiwan.</p>