<p>Recent expansion of scientific analytical methods within archaeology has prompted a re-evaluation of traditional approaches to data acquisition and interpretation. This study examines large ceramic vessels embedded in the counters of Pompeian tabernae—contexts in which conventional recording cannot directly measure the interiors and therefore cannot capture complete interior geometries. Applying a handheld structured-light scanner, we recorded the vessels’ interior surfaces with high precision and produced complete 3D models of these counter-embedded vessels, providing a foundation for diverse morphometric and geometric analyses. In particular, a central axis estimated from the centroids of serial cross-sections served as the principal parameter for morphological analysis, from which we infer aspects of forming techniques and the use-related behaviors they may encode. The results demonstrate the feasibility and analytical value of 3D modelling and quantitative geometry for addressing complex archaeological problems. More broadly, the axis-based framework presented here offers a reproducible method for investigating vessel manufacture and makes analytically tractable domains that previously could not be examined, thereby offering new perspectives on vessel formation and artisanal practices.</p>