<p>The optimization of bovine embryo culture media is crucial for enhancing reproductive efficiency in livestock production. This comprehensive review evaluates the efficacy of specific growth factors and antioxidants used in bovine embryo culture, focusing on their impact on embryo development and viability. Bovine embryos are pivotal in agricultural practices, and the quality of embryo culture significantly influences pregnancy rates and overall herd productivity. This review synthesizes current research on the molecular mechanisms by which these supplements promote optimal embryo development, including pathways regulating cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Practical implications for practitioners in bovine reproduction are outlined, with guidance on supplement concentrations, timing of administration, and formulation strategies to enhance embryo quality and increase pregnancy success. Furthermore, the review identifies gaps in current research and suggests future directions, such as exploring synergistic combinations of supplements, optimizing dose–response strategies, and assessing long-term effects post-transfer. In conclusion, optimizing culture media through the strategic use of growth factors and antioxidants is essential for advancing bovine reproductive technologies. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to improve the consistency and effectiveness of bovine in vitro embryo production, ultimately contributing to enhanced livestock productivity and sustainability.</p>