<p>Synthesis and characterization of Dy³⁺-activated Ca₃Al₂O₆ phosphor are reported. The phosphor was synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction method with variable concentrations of doping ions (0.5–3.0 mol.%). The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and it was revealed that the sample is monophased and crystallizes in a cubic structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited an irregular grain size distribution, ranging from 1 to 10 μm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the formation of Ca₃Al₂O₆:Dy³⁺ phosphor. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra were monitored for variable doping concentrations. Ca₃Al₂O₆:Dy³⁺ phosphor emits intense emission bands at 481 and 575 nm (excited at 350 nm) when doped with Dy³⁺ in the host. The corresponding transitions of the doping ion and concentration quenching effect were studied in detail. The 1931 CIE (x, y) chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.26 and y = 0.32) showed the distribution of the spectral region calculated from PL emission spectra. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve showed broad peak centres at around 248°C, and it was fitted using the computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique. It was found that the deep trapping phenomenon occurs for UV-irradiated samples where the activation energy is high. Trap analysis elucidated the formation of luminescence centres in Dy³⁺-doped phosphors.</p>