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<p>Heavy metal contamination poses an increasing threat to coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in regions influenced by industrial discharge and terrestrial runoff. This study investigates the species-specific bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in fifteen macroalgae species representing Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae collected from the Rameswaram coast along the Gulf of Mannar, India. Significant taxonomic and species-level variations in metal uptake were observed among the macroalgal groups. Brown algae exhibited the highest accumulation capacity, with <i>Hydroclathrus clathratus</i>, <i>Turbinaria ornata</i>, <i>Hormophysa cuneiformis</i>, and <i>Sargassum plagiophyllum</i> showing elevated concentrations of Fe (up to 155 ± 6.2&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>), Zn (71.3 ± 2.4&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>), Ni (17.3 ± 0.64&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>), and Cr (7.1 ± 0.10&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>). Red algae demonstrated notable accumulation of Cr, Cu, and Pb, whereas green algae showed selective enrichment of Cd, Pb, and Fe. Multivariate statistical analyses, combined with spectroscopic characterisation using FTIR and XPS, revealed distinct functional groups and elemental signatures associated with metal binding in macroalgae biomass. The results highlight the strong metal-binding capacity of macroalgae, particularly among Phaeophyceae, and demonstrate their potential as effective bioindicators and natural biofilters in coastal environments. Integrating targeted macroalgae cultivation into coastal management strategies may provide a cost-effective, nature-based approach to mitigating heavy metal pollution while supporting ecosystem resilience and sustainable blue-economy development.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Mechanistic insights into heavy metal bioaccumulation in tropical marine macroalgae: evidence from FTIR, XPS and multivariate modelling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Manoj Sekaran,
  • Satheesh Kuppusamy,
  • Niraimathi Parthiban,
  • Sathish Kumar Panneerselvam,
  • Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran,
  • Kalaivani Thiagarajan

摘要

Heavy metal contamination poses an increasing threat to coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in regions influenced by industrial discharge and terrestrial runoff. This study investigates the species-specific bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in fifteen macroalgae species representing Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae collected from the Rameswaram coast along the Gulf of Mannar, India. Significant taxonomic and species-level variations in metal uptake were observed among the macroalgal groups. Brown algae exhibited the highest accumulation capacity, with Hydroclathrus clathratus, Turbinaria ornata, Hormophysa cuneiformis, and Sargassum plagiophyllum showing elevated concentrations of Fe (up to 155 ± 6.2 mg kg⁻1), Zn (71.3 ± 2.4 mg kg⁻1), Ni (17.3 ± 0.64 mg kg⁻1), and Cr (7.1 ± 0.10 mg kg⁻1). Red algae demonstrated notable accumulation of Cr, Cu, and Pb, whereas green algae showed selective enrichment of Cd, Pb, and Fe. Multivariate statistical analyses, combined with spectroscopic characterisation using FTIR and XPS, revealed distinct functional groups and elemental signatures associated with metal binding in macroalgae biomass. The results highlight the strong metal-binding capacity of macroalgae, particularly among Phaeophyceae, and demonstrate their potential as effective bioindicators and natural biofilters in coastal environments. Integrating targeted macroalgae cultivation into coastal management strategies may provide a cost-effective, nature-based approach to mitigating heavy metal pollution while supporting ecosystem resilience and sustainable blue-economy development.

Graphical Abstract