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<p>Nutrient limitation is widely recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing lipid accumulation in oleaginous microalgae. In this study, the green alga <i>Monoraphidium contortum</i> was cultivated under different nitrogen and phosphorus limitation regimes to evaluate changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total lipid content, and fatty acid composition. Growth and pigment accumulation were significantly influenced by nutrient availability, with severe nutrient deprivation reducing biomass production and photosynthetic pigment levels. In contrast, lipid content increased under all nutrient-stress conditions, reaching a maximum value of 32.11% under moderate nitrogen limitation N (50%), representing approximately a 2.2-fold increase compared with the control. Fatty acid composition also varied according to nutrient regime; severe nitrogen limitation increased saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), moderate nitrogen limitation enhanced monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA), whereas phosphorus-related stress conditions were associated with PUFA-rich fatty acid profiles. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed distinct associations among growth, pigment, lipid, and fatty acid parameters under different nutrient conditions, while pathway-based conceptual mapping provided an integrated interpretation of these relationships. The N (50%) treatment provided the most favorable balance between lipid accumulation and growth performance, while theoretical biodiesel property estimations indicated suitable fuel characteristics. These findings suggest that <i>M. contortum</i> may represent a promising feedstock for biodiesel-oriented biomass production under optimized nutrient management strategies.</p>

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Integrated physiological, lipid, fatty acid, and multivariate analyses of Monoraphidium contortum under nitrogen and phosphorus limitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Solmaz Karabulut,
  • Özlem Aydın,
  • İlkay Açıkgöz Erkaya,
  • Dilek Yalçın

摘要

Nutrient limitation is widely recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing lipid accumulation in oleaginous microalgae. In this study, the green alga Monoraphidium contortum was cultivated under different nitrogen and phosphorus limitation regimes to evaluate changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total lipid content, and fatty acid composition. Growth and pigment accumulation were significantly influenced by nutrient availability, with severe nutrient deprivation reducing biomass production and photosynthetic pigment levels. In contrast, lipid content increased under all nutrient-stress conditions, reaching a maximum value of 32.11% under moderate nitrogen limitation N (50%), representing approximately a 2.2-fold increase compared with the control. Fatty acid composition also varied according to nutrient regime; severe nitrogen limitation increased saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), moderate nitrogen limitation enhanced monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA), whereas phosphorus-related stress conditions were associated with PUFA-rich fatty acid profiles. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed distinct associations among growth, pigment, lipid, and fatty acid parameters under different nutrient conditions, while pathway-based conceptual mapping provided an integrated interpretation of these relationships. The N (50%) treatment provided the most favorable balance between lipid accumulation and growth performance, while theoretical biodiesel property estimations indicated suitable fuel characteristics. These findings suggest that M. contortum may represent a promising feedstock for biodiesel-oriented biomass production under optimized nutrient management strategies.