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<p>To address the commercial challenge of texture degradation in thermally processed <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, this study applied vacuum impregnation (VI) for calcium fortification, leveraging its low-temperature and non-destructive advantages to synergistically enhance product quality. A systematic comparison was conducted between VI and atmospheric pressure impregnation (AI) methods, focusing on mass transfer kinetics, texture characteristics, thermal stability, and calcium crosslinking mechanisms. The results showed that in terms of mass transfer efficiency, VI was higher than AI treatment. After VI treatment, the calcium content increase of <i>U. pinnatifida</i> (1029.91%) was significantly higher than that of AI (760.50%). The impregnation treatment significantly improved the texture of <i>U. pinnatifida</i>, especially its hardness, and effectively reduced the loss caused by heat treatment. After AI and VI treatment, the hardness loss rates of the heat-treated <i>U. pinnatifida</i> were 17.75% and 5.30% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that VI-treated <i>U. pinnatifida</i> exhibited a more regular microstructure compared to the control and AI group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that VI promoted stronger calcium ion–acid polysaccharide crosslinking, which served as the intrinsic mechanism for forming a robust network structure, while the crosslinking of AI was weaker. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying texture improvement and to offer a solid theoretical foundation for the development of high-quality, calcium-fortified <i>U. pinnatifida</i> products. Overall, this study demonstrates that VI is a scalable and effective strategy for enhancing the processing quality of commercial <i>U. pinnatifida</i>, offering promising applications in the industrial production of seaweed products.</p>

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Novel vacuum impregnation strategy for enhanced thermal stability in calcium-crosslinked Undaria pinnatifida

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Xu Huang,
  • Jiarui Jin,
  • Sainan Guo,
  • Wei Yin,
  • Xiufang Dong,
  • Hang Qi

摘要

To address the commercial challenge of texture degradation in thermally processed Undaria pinnatifida, this study applied vacuum impregnation (VI) for calcium fortification, leveraging its low-temperature and non-destructive advantages to synergistically enhance product quality. A systematic comparison was conducted between VI and atmospheric pressure impregnation (AI) methods, focusing on mass transfer kinetics, texture characteristics, thermal stability, and calcium crosslinking mechanisms. The results showed that in terms of mass transfer efficiency, VI was higher than AI treatment. After VI treatment, the calcium content increase of U. pinnatifida (1029.91%) was significantly higher than that of AI (760.50%). The impregnation treatment significantly improved the texture of U. pinnatifida, especially its hardness, and effectively reduced the loss caused by heat treatment. After AI and VI treatment, the hardness loss rates of the heat-treated U. pinnatifida were 17.75% and 5.30% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that VI-treated U. pinnatifida exhibited a more regular microstructure compared to the control and AI group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that VI promoted stronger calcium ion–acid polysaccharide crosslinking, which served as the intrinsic mechanism for forming a robust network structure, while the crosslinking of AI was weaker. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying texture improvement and to offer a solid theoretical foundation for the development of high-quality, calcium-fortified U. pinnatifida products. Overall, this study demonstrates that VI is a scalable and effective strategy for enhancing the processing quality of commercial U. pinnatifida, offering promising applications in the industrial production of seaweed products.