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<p>To investigate the response of a freshwater diatom to changes in nutrient stoichiometry, <i>Cyclotella meneghiniana</i>, a dominant freshwater diatom species in Dongping Lake in the lower Yellow River basin, was used as the study species. Indoor culture experiments were conducted under four nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios, namely 4:1, 8:1, 16:1, and 64:1. By combining nutrient monitoring with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we investigated the physiological and molecular responses of <i>C. meneghiniana</i> to different N:P conditions. The results showed that lower N:P ratios were associated with higher biomass accumulation and faster nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, whereas the 64:1 treatment showed lower final biomass and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses further showed that the high-N:P treatment exhibited a more distinct transcriptional profile, whereas proteomic responses were comparatively more dispersed, suggesting partial transcript–protein decoupling. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that different N:P ratios were mainly associated with changes in broadly conserved processes related to protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and cellular homeostasis, including ribosome-related functions, protein processing, oxidative phosphorylation, and glyoxylate metabolism. This study provides new insight into the physiological and molecular adaptation of a dominant freshwater diatom to altered nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry, and offers a basis for understanding how nutrient imbalance may influence algal responses in eutrophic waters.</p>

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Multi-omics analysis reveals the adaptation strategies of diatoms under high nitrogen-phosphorus ratios: from growth inhibition to reprogramming of metabolic networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Xinhao Liu,
  • Wanzhen Zhong,
  • Lizhi Zhang,
  • Ke Liu,
  • YuanJie Cui,
  • Weizhang Fu

摘要

To investigate the response of a freshwater diatom to changes in nutrient stoichiometry, Cyclotella meneghiniana, a dominant freshwater diatom species in Dongping Lake in the lower Yellow River basin, was used as the study species. Indoor culture experiments were conducted under four nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios, namely 4:1, 8:1, 16:1, and 64:1. By combining nutrient monitoring with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we investigated the physiological and molecular responses of C. meneghiniana to different N:P conditions. The results showed that lower N:P ratios were associated with higher biomass accumulation and faster nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, whereas the 64:1 treatment showed lower final biomass and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses further showed that the high-N:P treatment exhibited a more distinct transcriptional profile, whereas proteomic responses were comparatively more dispersed, suggesting partial transcript–protein decoupling. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that different N:P ratios were mainly associated with changes in broadly conserved processes related to protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and cellular homeostasis, including ribosome-related functions, protein processing, oxidative phosphorylation, and glyoxylate metabolism. This study provides new insight into the physiological and molecular adaptation of a dominant freshwater diatom to altered nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry, and offers a basis for understanding how nutrient imbalance may influence algal responses in eutrophic waters.