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<p>Under the combined influence of global climate change and coastal eutrophication, green tides formed by <i>Ulva</i> spp. have become a prominent threat to coastal ecological balance and aquaculture security. However, most studies have primarily focused on large-scale green tide events in the Yellow Sea, whereas in comparison, less attention has been paid to the genetic background and potential ecological functions of <i>Ulva</i> populations inhabiting nearshore environments, such as aquaculture ponds and drainage ditches. In this study, we selected the Wanbao aquaculture area in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China, and its adjacent drainage channels as representative nearshore habitats to systematically analyze the species composition, genetic diversity, and life history traits of <i>Ulva</i> green algae. DNA barcoding based on internal transcribed spacer and 5S ribosomal DNA sequences identified <i>Ulva prolifera</i> as the dominant species, with a small number of <i>Ulva flexuosa</i> also detected. Multi-locus analysis using 5S rDNA, the mitochondrial rps2–trnL region, and the chloroplast CP47–43 fragment revealed high genetic polymorphism within <i>U. prolifera</i> groups. Life history structural analysis indicated that sporophytes dominated at all sampling sites (75–100%), while gametophytes were rare. Furthermore, artificial substrata experiments confirmed that <i>Ulva californica</i> spores could successfully attach and grow under experimental conditions. A comprehensive comparison of genetic and ecological characteristics revealed significant differences between <i>U. prolifera</i> groups in this region and the floating <i>U. prolifera</i> in the Yellow Sea. This study provides useful insights into the ecological adaptation mechanisms and genetic variation of <i>Ulva</i> species and offers a scientific basis for the management of green algae in aquaculture zones.</p>

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Genetic diversity and ecological adaptation of Ulva prolifera in a nearshore aquaculture area of the Yellow Sea (Rizhao, China)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Li Huan,
  • Xulei Wang,
  • Menghan Sun,
  • Songcui Wu,
  • Zhenbing Zheng,
  • Shan Gao,
  • Lijun Wang,
  • Wenhui Gu,
  • Guangce Wang

摘要

Under the combined influence of global climate change and coastal eutrophication, green tides formed by Ulva spp. have become a prominent threat to coastal ecological balance and aquaculture security. However, most studies have primarily focused on large-scale green tide events in the Yellow Sea, whereas in comparison, less attention has been paid to the genetic background and potential ecological functions of Ulva populations inhabiting nearshore environments, such as aquaculture ponds and drainage ditches. In this study, we selected the Wanbao aquaculture area in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China, and its adjacent drainage channels as representative nearshore habitats to systematically analyze the species composition, genetic diversity, and life history traits of Ulva green algae. DNA barcoding based on internal transcribed spacer and 5S ribosomal DNA sequences identified Ulva prolifera as the dominant species, with a small number of Ulva flexuosa also detected. Multi-locus analysis using 5S rDNA, the mitochondrial rps2–trnL region, and the chloroplast CP47–43 fragment revealed high genetic polymorphism within U. prolifera groups. Life history structural analysis indicated that sporophytes dominated at all sampling sites (75–100%), while gametophytes were rare. Furthermore, artificial substrata experiments confirmed that Ulva californica spores could successfully attach and grow under experimental conditions. A comprehensive comparison of genetic and ecological characteristics revealed significant differences between U. prolifera groups in this region and the floating U. prolifera in the Yellow Sea. This study provides useful insights into the ecological adaptation mechanisms and genetic variation of Ulva species and offers a scientific basis for the management of green algae in aquaculture zones.