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<p>This study investigated the use of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) as a low-cost disinfection strategy to control microbial contamination during the cultivation of <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> (UTEX 393). The effects of bleach concentration, exposure duration, cell density, and salinity were evaluated, along with neutralization using sodium thiosulfate. Low concentrations (&lt; 10&#xa0;ppm) effectively suppressed contaminants without affecting algal viability, whereas higher levels (&gt; 30&#xa0;ppm) caused rapid loss of pigment and cell damage. Sodium thiosulfate accelerated recovery from oxidative stress and improved culture stability by neutralizing residual oxidants. Pathogen challenge assays with the aphelid <i>Amoeboaphelidium occidentale</i> (FD01) and the predatory bacterium <i>Oligoflexus</i> sp. (AzCATI_Olig-01) demonstrated that early bleach application prevented infection, while delayed treatment required higher doses for effective control. Repeated sublethal exposure promoted adaptive tolerance in UTEX 393, enhancing resilience to subsequent oxidative stress. These findings provide a mechanistic and practical framework for optimizing bleach use in large-scale algal cultivation, balancing contamination control, stress mitigation, and algal health to improve biorefinery productivity.</p>

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Optimizing sodium hypochlorite application for enhanced Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX 393) cultivation and pathogen control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Prabuddha L. Gupta,
  • Taylor L. Weiss

摘要

This study investigated the use of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) as a low-cost disinfection strategy to control microbial contamination during the cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX 393). The effects of bleach concentration, exposure duration, cell density, and salinity were evaluated, along with neutralization using sodium thiosulfate. Low concentrations (< 10 ppm) effectively suppressed contaminants without affecting algal viability, whereas higher levels (> 30 ppm) caused rapid loss of pigment and cell damage. Sodium thiosulfate accelerated recovery from oxidative stress and improved culture stability by neutralizing residual oxidants. Pathogen challenge assays with the aphelid Amoeboaphelidium occidentale (FD01) and the predatory bacterium Oligoflexus sp. (AzCATI_Olig-01) demonstrated that early bleach application prevented infection, while delayed treatment required higher doses for effective control. Repeated sublethal exposure promoted adaptive tolerance in UTEX 393, enhancing resilience to subsequent oxidative stress. These findings provide a mechanistic and practical framework for optimizing bleach use in large-scale algal cultivation, balancing contamination control, stress mitigation, and algal health to improve biorefinery productivity.