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<p>In emerging circular economies, sewage is increasingly being recognized as a renewable resource, offering opportunities by using nutrient-rich streams as a medium to generate valuable products (e.g., biofuels, and other high-value materials) via microbial cultivations. Among the diverse microorganisms available, microalgae possess unique characteristics that allow simultaneous removal of nutrients from wastewater by bioassimilation and the conversion of low-value raw materials (e.g., sunlight, CO<sub>2</sub>, and water) into biofuels through photosynthesis. In particular, <i>Euglena gracilis</i> exhibits rapid growth and efficient uptake of nutrients and CO<sub>2</sub> under varied conditions, including those in wastewater. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a municipal wastewater-based <i>E. gracilis</i> cultivation system with&#xa0; CO<sub>2</sub> supplementation for sustainable biodiesel production. Raw and processed water from sewage treatment plant in Korea were used as the cultivation medium and CO<sub>2</sub> supplementation levels (0.04%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were tested over 5&#xa0;days. In nitrogen-deficient secondary clarifier effluent and final effluent (total inorganic nitrogen 0.8–4.1&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, C/N ratio 0.21–0.34), 5% CO<sub>2</sub> supplementation induced a metabolic shift toward lipid biosynthesis, resulting in higher lipid productivity compared to air injection. After five days, total nitrate and total phosphate levels were reduced by 80% and 30%, respectively. Fatty acid methyl ester derived from wastewater-grown biomass exhibited higher saturated fatty acid content, rendering them more suitable as a biodiesel feedstock compared to biomass cultured in artificial medium. These findings clearly demonstrate that sewage can serve as a viable medium for <i>E. gracilis</i> cultivation, enabling biodiesel production while simultaneously achieving nutrient remediation and CO<sub>2</sub> utilization.</p>

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Simultaneous CO2 fixation and bioremediation with the cultivation of Euglena gracilis in wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Joo Eun Chung,
  • Hae Seul Ryu,
  • Yoon-E Choi

摘要

In emerging circular economies, sewage is increasingly being recognized as a renewable resource, offering opportunities by using nutrient-rich streams as a medium to generate valuable products (e.g., biofuels, and other high-value materials) via microbial cultivations. Among the diverse microorganisms available, microalgae possess unique characteristics that allow simultaneous removal of nutrients from wastewater by bioassimilation and the conversion of low-value raw materials (e.g., sunlight, CO2, and water) into biofuels through photosynthesis. In particular, Euglena gracilis exhibits rapid growth and efficient uptake of nutrients and CO2 under varied conditions, including those in wastewater. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a municipal wastewater-based E. gracilis cultivation system with  CO2 supplementation for sustainable biodiesel production. Raw and processed water from sewage treatment plant in Korea were used as the cultivation medium and CO2 supplementation levels (0.04%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were tested over 5 days. In nitrogen-deficient secondary clarifier effluent and final effluent (total inorganic nitrogen 0.8–4.1 mg L−1, C/N ratio 0.21–0.34), 5% CO2 supplementation induced a metabolic shift toward lipid biosynthesis, resulting in higher lipid productivity compared to air injection. After five days, total nitrate and total phosphate levels were reduced by 80% and 30%, respectively. Fatty acid methyl ester derived from wastewater-grown biomass exhibited higher saturated fatty acid content, rendering them more suitable as a biodiesel feedstock compared to biomass cultured in artificial medium. These findings clearly demonstrate that sewage can serve as a viable medium for E. gracilis cultivation, enabling biodiesel production while simultaneously achieving nutrient remediation and CO2 utilization.