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<p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils is a chemically diverse pool of compounds that plays important ecological roles, but its effects on phytoplankton growth are still not well understood. This study examined the chemical characteristics and growth-promoting effects of soil DOM extracts from five Malaysian forest soils on three phytoplankton species: <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>, <i>Oocystis heteromucosa</i> and <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i>. Soil DOM was first separated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions based on polarity, allowing the assessment of fraction-specific effects. Microplate incubation was performed, and specific growth rates were measured and normalized against a control medium (assigned a value of 1.00). Hydrophobic fractions of soil DOM extracts have demonstrated higher capacity to promote growth than hydrophilic fractions, with fulvic-like components identified as key contributors to this effect. Normalized specific growth rates were 1.28 for <i>C. sorokiniana</i>, 1.41 for <i>O. heteromucosa</i>, and 1.73 for <i>T. weissflogii</i>, indicating a 28–73% increase compared to controls. Subsequent excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) revealed that fulvic-like components were dominant within the growth-promoting hydrophobic fraction. Species-specific differences were mainly driven by differential biological responses to fulvic-like-rich hydrophobic DOM rather than by variations in DOM origin among forest soils. By integrating DOM fractionation with EEM–PARAFAC characterization, this study demonstrates the interaction-based role of fulvic-like components in enhancing phytoplankton growth. Overall, the findings reveal the ecological significance of terrestrial DOM composition in determining phytoplankton productivity and highlight Malaysian forest soils as a sustainable and low-input resources of bioactive organic compounds for phytoplankton cultivation.</p>

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Linking soil-derived dissolved organic matter from Malaysian forests to phytoplankton growth: insights from fractionation and EEM-PARAFAC analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Emi Fazlina Hashim,
  • Kazuhiro Komatsu,
  • Mutsumi Sekine,
  • Anupreet Kaur Chowdhary,
  • Nor Suhaila Yaacob,
  • Tatsuki Toda

摘要

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils is a chemically diverse pool of compounds that plays important ecological roles, but its effects on phytoplankton growth are still not well understood. This study examined the chemical characteristics and growth-promoting effects of soil DOM extracts from five Malaysian forest soils on three phytoplankton species: Chlorella sorokiniana, Oocystis heteromucosa and Thalassiosira weissflogii. Soil DOM was first separated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions based on polarity, allowing the assessment of fraction-specific effects. Microplate incubation was performed, and specific growth rates were measured and normalized against a control medium (assigned a value of 1.00). Hydrophobic fractions of soil DOM extracts have demonstrated higher capacity to promote growth than hydrophilic fractions, with fulvic-like components identified as key contributors to this effect. Normalized specific growth rates were 1.28 for C. sorokiniana, 1.41 for O. heteromucosa, and 1.73 for T. weissflogii, indicating a 28–73% increase compared to controls. Subsequent excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) revealed that fulvic-like components were dominant within the growth-promoting hydrophobic fraction. Species-specific differences were mainly driven by differential biological responses to fulvic-like-rich hydrophobic DOM rather than by variations in DOM origin among forest soils. By integrating DOM fractionation with EEM–PARAFAC characterization, this study demonstrates the interaction-based role of fulvic-like components in enhancing phytoplankton growth. Overall, the findings reveal the ecological significance of terrestrial DOM composition in determining phytoplankton productivity and highlight Malaysian forest soils as a sustainable and low-input resources of bioactive organic compounds for phytoplankton cultivation.