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<p>A novel freshwater eustigmatophyte, tentatively named <i>BZ-1</i>, was cultivated under nutrient-replete and nutrient-deprived [without nitrogen (-N), sulfur (-S), and phosphorus (-P)] conditions, under continuous illumination and controlled temperature conditions. We compared culture growth parameters, lipid accumulation, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production. Nutrient-replete cultures’ biomass was nearly twofold that of the nutrient-deprived ones. Nutrient-deprived cultures accumulated more carbon (C) vs. N, elevating the C/N ratio, whereas nutrient-replete media promoted the accumulation of C, N, P, and S. Nutrient deprivation significantly boosted total fatty acid (TFA) production: highest for -N (1200&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>) after 12&#xa0;days, followed by -S from mid-phase (day 7) onward, and then -P. EPA volumetric production reached approximately 300&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> after 12&#xa0;days under replete conditions but declined under starvation, exhibiting significant differences across treatments. Biomass TFA content reached 30% dry weight (DW) under N-depleted conditions. Despite nutrient deprivation, EPA content remained stable at around 4–5% DW across treatments. Deprivation altered the fatty acid composition: -N had higher proportions of short-chain saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs)—including EPA and arachidonic acid—likely due to adjustments in lipid synthesis and membrane lipid remodeling; S and P deprivation also increased saturated fatty acids at the expense of LC-PUFAs. However, EPA accumulation per unit culture volume continued to increase, suggesting de novo synthesis. Our results highlight how nutrient availability influences growth, biomass composition, and fatty acid profiles in <i>BZ-1</i>, offering insights for optimizing nutrient conditions for specific lipid-production profiles.</p>

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The resilience of eicosapentaenoic acid content in a novel freshwater eustigmatophyte, tentatively named BZ-1, to multiple nutrient stresses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Thanh Van Nguyen,
  • Inna Khozin-Goldberg

摘要

A novel freshwater eustigmatophyte, tentatively named BZ-1, was cultivated under nutrient-replete and nutrient-deprived [without nitrogen (-N), sulfur (-S), and phosphorus (-P)] conditions, under continuous illumination and controlled temperature conditions. We compared culture growth parameters, lipid accumulation, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production. Nutrient-replete cultures’ biomass was nearly twofold that of the nutrient-deprived ones. Nutrient-deprived cultures accumulated more carbon (C) vs. N, elevating the C/N ratio, whereas nutrient-replete media promoted the accumulation of C, N, P, and S. Nutrient deprivation significantly boosted total fatty acid (TFA) production: highest for -N (1200 mg L−1) after 12 days, followed by -S from mid-phase (day 7) onward, and then -P. EPA volumetric production reached approximately 300 mg L−1 after 12 days under replete conditions but declined under starvation, exhibiting significant differences across treatments. Biomass TFA content reached 30% dry weight (DW) under N-depleted conditions. Despite nutrient deprivation, EPA content remained stable at around 4–5% DW across treatments. Deprivation altered the fatty acid composition: -N had higher proportions of short-chain saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs)—including EPA and arachidonic acid—likely due to adjustments in lipid synthesis and membrane lipid remodeling; S and P deprivation also increased saturated fatty acids at the expense of LC-PUFAs. However, EPA accumulation per unit culture volume continued to increase, suggesting de novo synthesis. Our results highlight how nutrient availability influences growth, biomass composition, and fatty acid profiles in BZ-1, offering insights for optimizing nutrient conditions for specific lipid-production profiles.