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<p>Seaweeds form symbiotic relationships with diverse bacterial communities that are essential for their development, health, and survival. While most studies have focused on macroscopic stages of seaweeds, little is known about the composition and dynamics of these microbial associations during early development. In this study, we focus on the giant kelp <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i> to decipher the composition of the bacterial community associated with recently released spores and up to 72&#xa0;h-early gametophytes and compare it with the one present in sporophytes and the surrounding seawater at the same sampling site. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified distinct community compositions among early developmental stages, sporophytes, and seawater, suggesting stage-specific microbial colonization. Bacterial diversity increased over time, and a pronounced shift in community structure occurred at 24&#xa0;h post-sporulation, delineating three distinct phases: 0 to 12&#xa0;h, 24&#xa0;h, and 48 to 72&#xa0;h. This transition was marked by the presence of Rhodobacteria and Colwelliales. Functional inferences revealed that early stages were enriched in specialized metabolic pathways related to settlement and colonization (e.g., amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis), while intermediate stages displayed higher functional redundancy with enrichment in biofilm formation, signal transduction, and nutrient processing functions. By 72&#xa0;h, the functional profile shifted toward maintenance activities consistent with a stable microbiome. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of seaweed-associated microbiomes during early development and underscore the importance of characterizing these communities to improve seedling health and disease resistance in hatchery-based aquaculture.</p>

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Bacterial community dynamics in early gametophyte developmental stages of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Gonzalo Icaza,
  • Carolina Camus,
  • Gustavo Rodríguez-Valdecantos,
  • Genesis Parada-Pozo,
  • Camila Martínez,
  • Liliana Muñoz,
  • Sylvain Faugeron,
  • Nicole Trefault

摘要

Seaweeds form symbiotic relationships with diverse bacterial communities that are essential for their development, health, and survival. While most studies have focused on macroscopic stages of seaweeds, little is known about the composition and dynamics of these microbial associations during early development. In this study, we focus on the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera to decipher the composition of the bacterial community associated with recently released spores and up to 72 h-early gametophytes and compare it with the one present in sporophytes and the surrounding seawater at the same sampling site. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified distinct community compositions among early developmental stages, sporophytes, and seawater, suggesting stage-specific microbial colonization. Bacterial diversity increased over time, and a pronounced shift in community structure occurred at 24 h post-sporulation, delineating three distinct phases: 0 to 12 h, 24 h, and 48 to 72 h. This transition was marked by the presence of Rhodobacteria and Colwelliales. Functional inferences revealed that early stages were enriched in specialized metabolic pathways related to settlement and colonization (e.g., amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis), while intermediate stages displayed higher functional redundancy with enrichment in biofilm formation, signal transduction, and nutrient processing functions. By 72 h, the functional profile shifted toward maintenance activities consistent with a stable microbiome. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of seaweed-associated microbiomes during early development and underscore the importance of characterizing these communities to improve seedling health and disease resistance in hatchery-based aquaculture.