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Background <p>Microalgae such as <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> are widely recognized for their potential in biotechnology due to their ability to accumulate valuable bioactive compounds, including pigments and antioxidants. This study investigates the combined effect of different light spectra (natural and light-emitting diode sources) and excess concentrations of iron(II) bisglycinate and iron(III) citrate on the growth and pigment synthesis of <i>C. vulgaris</i>. The rationale stems from the essential roles of light as the primary driver of photosynthesis and iron as a key cofactor in enzymatic processes within photosystems. These interactions may lead to synergistic or antagonistic metabolic responses.</p> Results <p><i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> was cultivated in tubular photobioreactors under four lighting conditions: bright natural light (600–800 W m<sup>−2</sup>), dimmed natural light (250 W m<sup>−2</sup>), red-blue-green (white) LED light (600 W m<sup>−2</sup>), and red-blue LED light (600 W m<sup>−2</sup>, 2:1 ratio). Iron was supplemented as iron(II) bisglycinate or iron(III) citrate complexes at Fe concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The highest biomass accumulation (threefold increase over control) and maximum chlorophyll <i>b</i> content (+ 119%) were observed under bright natural light with 20&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> iron(III) citrate. In contrast, dimmed natural light with 10&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> iron(III) citrate yielded the highest carotenoid content (7.25 ± 0.30&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>).</p> Conclusion <p>These findings demonstrate the potential to direct the metabolism of <i>C. vulgaris</i> by strategically combining light quality and iron supplementation, laying the groundwork for optimizing microalgal cultivation protocols in industrial applications.</p>

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The combined effect of ferric ion complexes (Fe2+ and Fe3+) and illumination on Chlorella vulgaris metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Svitlana Kovalova,
  • Nataliia Golub,
  • Igor Levtun

摘要

Background

Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are widely recognized for their potential in biotechnology due to their ability to accumulate valuable bioactive compounds, including pigments and antioxidants. This study investigates the combined effect of different light spectra (natural and light-emitting diode sources) and excess concentrations of iron(II) bisglycinate and iron(III) citrate on the growth and pigment synthesis of C. vulgaris. The rationale stems from the essential roles of light as the primary driver of photosynthesis and iron as a key cofactor in enzymatic processes within photosystems. These interactions may lead to synergistic or antagonistic metabolic responses.

Results

Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in tubular photobioreactors under four lighting conditions: bright natural light (600–800 W m−2), dimmed natural light (250 W m−2), red-blue-green (white) LED light (600 W m−2), and red-blue LED light (600 W m−2, 2:1 ratio). Iron was supplemented as iron(II) bisglycinate or iron(III) citrate complexes at Fe concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1. The highest biomass accumulation (threefold increase over control) and maximum chlorophyll b content (+ 119%) were observed under bright natural light with 20 mg L−1 iron(III) citrate. In contrast, dimmed natural light with 10 mg L−1 iron(III) citrate yielded the highest carotenoid content (7.25 ± 0.30 mg g−1).

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the potential to direct the metabolism of C. vulgaris by strategically combining light quality and iron supplementation, laying the groundwork for optimizing microalgal cultivation protocols in industrial applications.