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<p>Cyanobacteria and their biofilms as carrier-based formulations were evaluated in a popular Bt-cotton hybrid (Ajeet 155 BG II®), as a prelude to developing a novel and eco-friendly biofertilizing strategy. Comparative performance of cyanobacterium-based formulations (CBFs) as single species [<i>Calothrix elenkinii</i>&#xa0;(Calo), <i>Anabaena laxa</i>&#xa0;(RPAN8)], consortium BF1-4 [<i>Anabaena torulosa</i>&#xa0;(BF1<i>), Nostoc carneum</i>&#xa0;(BF2)<i>, </i><i>Nostoc piscinale</i> (BF3<i>), Anabaena doliolum&#xa0;(</i>BF4)] and biofilms [<i>Anabaena torulosa-Trichoderma viride</i>&#xa0;(An-Tv), <i>Anabaena torulosa-Azotobacter chroococcum</i>&#xa0;(An-Az), <i>Anabaena torulosa-Bacillus subtilis</i>&#xa0;(An-Bs)] was undertaken. The field experiment involving the use of these formulations as seed treatment (S), soil drench (SD), and a combination of both (SSD) revealed significant enhancement in macro/micronutrient availability, soil biological attributes, and plant defense activities, compared with control. Comparison of SSD vs. SD, and single or multi-species CBFs showed that SSD and biofilms were most stimulatory. Overall, SSD enhanced boll number and seed cotton yield by 11 and 8%, respectively, as compared with SD, while dual-species biofilms&#xa0;enhanced yield by 57-71% in seed cotton, compared with the control.&#xa0;SSD method provided an additional income of US$ 462 ha<sup>-1</sup> compared to SD (US$ 369) and S (US$ 180), excluding other routine production costs. The use of CBFs saved US$ 6.34 ha<sup>-1</sup> on N fertilizer compared to 100% RDF. Heat map and Principal Component Analysis illustrated positive and close association of An-Az SSD/SD and An-Tv SSD/SD with plant growth, soil and produce quality attributes. Such CBFs can be promising options towards developing a holistic approach for integrated nutrient management with fiscal benefits using for rainfed Bt cotton.</p>

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Cyanobacterium-based bacterial and fungal biofilms as economically viable and climate smart biostimulants for Bt-cotton in rainfed Vertisol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Kulandaivelu Velmourougane,
  • Radha Prasanna,
  • Manikandan Angamuthu,
  • Lalita Rameshwar Harinkhede,
  • Pranali Tarachand Bansod,
  • Jimmy Bhardwaj Vaidya,
  • Yenumula Gerard Prasad

摘要

Cyanobacteria and their biofilms as carrier-based formulations were evaluated in a popular Bt-cotton hybrid (Ajeet 155 BG II®), as a prelude to developing a novel and eco-friendly biofertilizing strategy. Comparative performance of cyanobacterium-based formulations (CBFs) as single species [Calothrix elenkinii (Calo), Anabaena laxa (RPAN8)], consortium BF1-4 [Anabaena torulosa (BF1), Nostoc carneum (BF2), Nostoc piscinale (BF3), Anabaena doliolum (BF4)] and biofilms [Anabaena torulosa-Trichoderma viride (An-Tv), Anabaena torulosa-Azotobacter chroococcum (An-Az), Anabaena torulosa-Bacillus subtilis (An-Bs)] was undertaken. The field experiment involving the use of these formulations as seed treatment (S), soil drench (SD), and a combination of both (SSD) revealed significant enhancement in macro/micronutrient availability, soil biological attributes, and plant defense activities, compared with control. Comparison of SSD vs. SD, and single or multi-species CBFs showed that SSD and biofilms were most stimulatory. Overall, SSD enhanced boll number and seed cotton yield by 11 and 8%, respectively, as compared with SD, while dual-species biofilms enhanced yield by 57-71% in seed cotton, compared with the control. SSD method provided an additional income of US$ 462 ha-1 compared to SD (US$ 369) and S (US$ 180), excluding other routine production costs. The use of CBFs saved US$ 6.34 ha-1 on N fertilizer compared to 100% RDF. Heat map and Principal Component Analysis illustrated positive and close association of An-Az SSD/SD and An-Tv SSD/SD with plant growth, soil and produce quality attributes. Such CBFs can be promising options towards developing a holistic approach for integrated nutrient management with fiscal benefits using for rainfed Bt cotton.