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<p>Specialized metabolites from brown seaweeds, particularly phenolic compounds, are potential anti-aging ingredients for sustainable cosmetics. Conventional solvent extraction is a time-consuming process and produces significant solvent waste, prompting the development of green extraction methods that influence metabolite quality and bioactivity. This study assessed conventional maceration (CONV-E) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of <i>Eisenia arborea</i> blades for in vitro anti-aging properties and total phenolic content, using untargeted metabolomics by UPLC-HRMS. Ethanolic extracts (50% in H<sub>2</sub>O) were obtained using both methods with UAE at 30-, 60- and 90-min. CONV-E had the highest yield (43.49 ± 4.51%) compared to UAE (15.81–20.14%). Anti-aging activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and anti-elastase activities. Also, total phenolic (TPC), phlorotannin (TPhC), and flavonoid (TFC) content were quantified. DPPH inhibition was similar in CONV-E and UAE-90 (24.12–28.38%), FRAP was higher in CONV-E (54.17&#xa0;μg TE g<sup>−1</sup>), and anti-elastase in UAE-90 (22%). TPC was higher in UAE extracts, while no significant differences in phlorotannin and flavonoid content between methods were observed. Metabolomic analysis was done with CONV-E and UAE-90, revealing slight differences in their metabolic profiles. CONV-E exhibited fifteen unique metabolic features while UAE-90 exhibited two. A total of 29 metabolites were putatively identified, with phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and terpenes emerging as the main classes that may contribute to the anti-aging effects. These findings suggest that 90-min UAE enables the extraction of&#xa0;<i>E. arborea</i> bioactive compounds with comparable anti-aging potential and phenolic content to the conventional method, while reducing extraction time and solvent consumption. Although both methods yielded similar chemical complexity and bioactivity, UAE emerges as a promising alternative for obtaining bioactive seaweed extracts for cosmetic applications. Further optimization of UAE parameters may enhance the recovery of targeted bioactive metabolites.</p>

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Untargeted metabolomics-driven insights into the anti-aging potential of brown seaweed Eisenia arborea: ultrasound-assisted extraction for sustainable cosmetics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Cristina Landa-Cansigno,
  • Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza,
  • Ana G. Reyes,
  • Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva,
  • José Antonio Guerrero-Analco,
  • Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil,
  • José Antonio Zertuche-González

摘要

Specialized metabolites from brown seaweeds, particularly phenolic compounds, are potential anti-aging ingredients for sustainable cosmetics. Conventional solvent extraction is a time-consuming process and produces significant solvent waste, prompting the development of green extraction methods that influence metabolite quality and bioactivity. This study assessed conventional maceration (CONV-E) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Eisenia arborea blades for in vitro anti-aging properties and total phenolic content, using untargeted metabolomics by UPLC-HRMS. Ethanolic extracts (50% in H2O) were obtained using both methods with UAE at 30-, 60- and 90-min. CONV-E had the highest yield (43.49 ± 4.51%) compared to UAE (15.81–20.14%). Anti-aging activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and anti-elastase activities. Also, total phenolic (TPC), phlorotannin (TPhC), and flavonoid (TFC) content were quantified. DPPH inhibition was similar in CONV-E and UAE-90 (24.12–28.38%), FRAP was higher in CONV-E (54.17 μg TE g−1), and anti-elastase in UAE-90 (22%). TPC was higher in UAE extracts, while no significant differences in phlorotannin and flavonoid content between methods were observed. Metabolomic analysis was done with CONV-E and UAE-90, revealing slight differences in their metabolic profiles. CONV-E exhibited fifteen unique metabolic features while UAE-90 exhibited two. A total of 29 metabolites were putatively identified, with phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and terpenes emerging as the main classes that may contribute to the anti-aging effects. These findings suggest that 90-min UAE enables the extraction of E. arborea bioactive compounds with comparable anti-aging potential and phenolic content to the conventional method, while reducing extraction time and solvent consumption. Although both methods yielded similar chemical complexity and bioactivity, UAE emerges as a promising alternative for obtaining bioactive seaweed extracts for cosmetic applications. Further optimization of UAE parameters may enhance the recovery of targeted bioactive metabolites.