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<p>As a group of plant-specific transcription factors, the RWP-RK protein family plays crucial regulatory roles in sex determination, gametogenesis and nitrogen response in vascular plants, bryophytes and green algae. However, the <i>RWP-RK</i> genes of <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>, a species belonging to the red algae, have not been studied, and it remains unclear whether they play a role in gametogenesis. In this study, we screened and identified the <i>RWP-RK</i> family genes of <i>P. haitanensis</i> using bioinformatics methods. A total of 5 <i>RWP-RK</i> genes (<i>PhRWP1-5 F</i>) were identified in the female genome, and 4 (<i>PhRWP1-4 M</i>) in the male genome of <i>P. haitanensis</i>. Among these genes, <i>PhRWP5 F</i> was a female-specific gene, while the remaining four genes exhibited a high degree of similarity between female and male individuals. All RWP-RK proteins of <i>P. haitanensis</i> contained one RWP-RK domain but no PB1 domain, thus belonging to the RKD subfamily. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that these proteins were predominantly localized in the nucleus. Results of qRT-PCR indicated that the expression levels of <i>PhRWP5 F</i> gradually increased with the formation of female germ cells (carpogonia) in female blades. In contrast, the expressions of <i>PhRWP1 F/M</i> and <i>PhRWP2 F/M</i> were observed in both male and female blades, but no obvious trend was noted during gametogenesis. <i>PhRWP3 F/M</i> was not expressed in male or female blades at different developmental stages (Ct &gt; 35). During the formation of male germ cells (spermatia), the expression levels of the <i>PhRWP4 F/M</i> gene exhibited a gradual increasing trend. Taken together, we concluded that <i>PhRWP4 F/M</i> and the female-specific gene <i>PhRWP5 F</i> were closely associated with gametogenesis. The results of our study provide valuable insights into revealing the regulation mechanism of sexual maturity in <i>Pyropia</i>.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of RWP-RK genes in Pyropia haitanensis reveals their roles in gametogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Hong‑Chang Ding,
  • Hui-Ping Ma,
  • Long-Chen Tang,
  • Xing‑Hong Yan

摘要

As a group of plant-specific transcription factors, the RWP-RK protein family plays crucial regulatory roles in sex determination, gametogenesis and nitrogen response in vascular plants, bryophytes and green algae. However, the RWP-RK genes of Pyropia haitanensis, a species belonging to the red algae, have not been studied, and it remains unclear whether they play a role in gametogenesis. In this study, we screened and identified the RWP-RK family genes of P. haitanensis using bioinformatics methods. A total of 5 RWP-RK genes (PhRWP1-5 F) were identified in the female genome, and 4 (PhRWP1-4 M) in the male genome of P. haitanensis. Among these genes, PhRWP5 F was a female-specific gene, while the remaining four genes exhibited a high degree of similarity between female and male individuals. All RWP-RK proteins of P. haitanensis contained one RWP-RK domain but no PB1 domain, thus belonging to the RKD subfamily. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that these proteins were predominantly localized in the nucleus. Results of qRT-PCR indicated that the expression levels of PhRWP5 F gradually increased with the formation of female germ cells (carpogonia) in female blades. In contrast, the expressions of PhRWP1 F/M and PhRWP2 F/M were observed in both male and female blades, but no obvious trend was noted during gametogenesis. PhRWP3 F/M was not expressed in male or female blades at different developmental stages (Ct > 35). During the formation of male germ cells (spermatia), the expression levels of the PhRWP4 F/M gene exhibited a gradual increasing trend. Taken together, we concluded that PhRWP4 F/M and the female-specific gene PhRWP5 F were closely associated with gametogenesis. The results of our study provide valuable insights into revealing the regulation mechanism of sexual maturity in Pyropia.