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<p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) bioconversion has been commercially established for over a decade as an efficient method for transforming organic waste into protein and high-quality organic fertiliser. Despite widespread adoption, emerging ethical and ecological challenges remain largely overlooked in both research and policy frameworks. This review critically examines these challenges, focusing on insect welfare within intensive farming systems, societal acceptance of maggot-based products, and ecological impacts on soil health and biodiversity. The underlying hypothesis is that current commercial BSFL practices insufficiently integrate ethical and ecological considerations, creating urgent questions about responsible deployment. Previously underexplored ethical complexities include welfare thresholds, operational stressors, and trade-offs between productivity and humane rearing. Pressing areas for future research include longitudinal societal perception studies, integrative welfare metrics, and regulatory frameworks that reconcile economic realities with ethical and ecological standards. These findings provide actionable guidance for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to advance BSFL-based waste management systems that balance commercial efficiency with ethical stewardship and environmental sustainability.</p>

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Uncovering Ethical Blind Spots and Operational Pathways in Sustainable Maggot-Based Waste Management Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Timoth Mkilima,
  • Happy Mwanga,
  • Laurah Gutu,
  • Moses Basitere,
  • Ceven Shemsanga

摘要

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) bioconversion has been commercially established for over a decade as an efficient method for transforming organic waste into protein and high-quality organic fertiliser. Despite widespread adoption, emerging ethical and ecological challenges remain largely overlooked in both research and policy frameworks. This review critically examines these challenges, focusing on insect welfare within intensive farming systems, societal acceptance of maggot-based products, and ecological impacts on soil health and biodiversity. The underlying hypothesis is that current commercial BSFL practices insufficiently integrate ethical and ecological considerations, creating urgent questions about responsible deployment. Previously underexplored ethical complexities include welfare thresholds, operational stressors, and trade-offs between productivity and humane rearing. Pressing areas for future research include longitudinal societal perception studies, integrative welfare metrics, and regulatory frameworks that reconcile economic realities with ethical and ecological standards. These findings provide actionable guidance for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to advance BSFL-based waste management systems that balance commercial efficiency with ethical stewardship and environmental sustainability.