Purpose <p>Interactions with police officers can be a significant source of stress and anxiety, particularly for vulnerable and/or misunderstood populations. Here, we report a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial designed to examine and compare the effects of two different intervention programs designed to support autistic individuals as they prepare to interact with police officers.</p> Methods <p>Forty-seven autistic participants, aged 12 to 60 years, were randomized to participate in either the Floreo Police Safety Module virtual reality (VR) intervention or the BeSAFE The Movie video modeling intervention. For both conditions, three 45-min intervention sessions were completed an average of 9 days apart.</p> Results <p>Results revealed a significant intervention type by time interaction on fidgeting behavior during live interactions with police officers, indicating a reduction from pre-training to post-training that was specific to the VR intervention condition (estimate: 0.47, SE: 0.16, <i>t</i> = 2.95, <i>p</i> = 0.005). The statistical interaction between intervention type and time was not significant for participants’ responding in accordance with expectations (<i>p</i> = .07) or overall behavior during live interactions with police officers (<i>p</i> = .23), but planned follow-up tests revealed improvements for both responding in accordance with expectations (estimate: -.21, SE: .07, <i>t</i> = -3.14, <i>p</i> = .02) and overall behavior (estimate: -.29, SE: .10, <i>t</i> = -3.04, <i>p</i> = .02) in the VR intervention condition specifically.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, these findings provide empirical support for practice as a means to empower autistic people to prepare for police interactions, with evidence suggesting that practicing police interactions using VR may be especially effective for driving skill acquisition.</p>

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Virtual Reality Intervention to Empower Autistic People to Interact With Police: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial for Autistic Teens and Adults

  • Joseph P. McCleery,
  • Ashley Zitter,
  • Lucero Cordero,
  • Alison Russell,
  • Meredith Cola,
  • Manisha Udhnani,
  • Kimberly G Tena,
  • Ashlee Yates Flanagan,
  • Sinan Turnacioglu,
  • Rita Solórzano,
  • Judith S Miller,
  • Vijay Ravindran,
  • Julia Parish-Morris

摘要

Purpose

Interactions with police officers can be a significant source of stress and anxiety, particularly for vulnerable and/or misunderstood populations. Here, we report a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial designed to examine and compare the effects of two different intervention programs designed to support autistic individuals as they prepare to interact with police officers.

Methods

Forty-seven autistic participants, aged 12 to 60 years, were randomized to participate in either the Floreo Police Safety Module virtual reality (VR) intervention or the BeSAFE The Movie video modeling intervention. For both conditions, three 45-min intervention sessions were completed an average of 9 days apart.

Results

Results revealed a significant intervention type by time interaction on fidgeting behavior during live interactions with police officers, indicating a reduction from pre-training to post-training that was specific to the VR intervention condition (estimate: 0.47, SE: 0.16, t = 2.95, p = 0.005). The statistical interaction between intervention type and time was not significant for participants’ responding in accordance with expectations (p = .07) or overall behavior during live interactions with police officers (p = .23), but planned follow-up tests revealed improvements for both responding in accordance with expectations (estimate: -.21, SE: .07, t = -3.14, p = .02) and overall behavior (estimate: -.29, SE: .10, t = -3.04, p = .02) in the VR intervention condition specifically.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings provide empirical support for practice as a means to empower autistic people to prepare for police interactions, with evidence suggesting that practicing police interactions using VR may be especially effective for driving skill acquisition.