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Purpose <p>To examine demographic and clinical characteristics of sleep problems in autistic children.</p> Methods <p>Parents of 1,185 children (mean age 9.8 <i>±</i> 2.0, range 3–12 years; 80.3% boys) were recruited from the Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK) database for the online survey. Caregivers completed the 21-item, unidimensional Pediatric Autism Insomnia Rating Scale (PAIRS), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), a demographic form and a question on chronotype. We set a PAIRS score of ≥ 33 (75th percentile in this sample) to define insomnia as a clinical concern.</p> Results <p>The PAIRS mean was 21.8 <i>±</i> 15 (range 0 to 63); 304 children were rated <i>≥</i> 33. PAIRS mean scores were higher in girls than boys (23.5 <i>±</i> 14.7 vs. 21.3 <i>±</i> 15.0, <i>p</i> = 0.044), in children ages 3–7 than those ages 8–12, (23.8 <i>±</i> 15.4 vs. 21.2 <i>±</i> 14.8, <i>p</i> = 0.022), in non-verbal children than verbal children (28.5 <i>±</i> 14.7 vs. 20.5 <i>±</i> 14.7, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and in children with evening chronotype than those with morning or neither preference (23.3 <i>±</i> 14.8 vs. 20.8 <i>±</i> 19.7, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Children with parent-reported below average IQ and children of parents without a college degree also had higher PAIRS scores. Those with <i>≥</i> 33 on PAIRS had higher scores on all ABC subscales. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression modeling showed that higher ABC Hyperactivity, ABC Social Withdrawal, and ABC Irritability scores, parent-reported below average IQ, and an evening chronotype significantly increased the odds of being rated <i>≥</i> 33 on the PAIRS.</p> Conclusion <p>PAIRS can be used for insomnia screening, as an outcome measure in clinical trials and in clinical care for autistic children.</p>

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Clinical and Demographic Correlates of Insomnia Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Lawrence Scahill,
  • Cynthia R. Johnson,
  • Megan L. Wenzell,
  • Leah M. Barto,
  • Arielle Mulligan,
  • Auscia T. Williams,
  • Laura M. Johnson,
  • Scott E. Gillespie,
  • Luc Lecavalier

摘要

Purpose

To examine demographic and clinical characteristics of sleep problems in autistic children.

Methods

Parents of 1,185 children (mean age 9.8 ± 2.0, range 3–12 years; 80.3% boys) were recruited from the Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK) database for the online survey. Caregivers completed the 21-item, unidimensional Pediatric Autism Insomnia Rating Scale (PAIRS), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), a demographic form and a question on chronotype. We set a PAIRS score of ≥ 33 (75th percentile in this sample) to define insomnia as a clinical concern.

Results

The PAIRS mean was 21.8 ± 15 (range 0 to 63); 304 children were rated ≥ 33. PAIRS mean scores were higher in girls than boys (23.5 ± 14.7 vs. 21.3 ± 15.0, p = 0.044), in children ages 3–7 than those ages 8–12, (23.8 ± 15.4 vs. 21.2 ± 14.8, p = 0.022), in non-verbal children than verbal children (28.5 ± 14.7 vs. 20.5 ± 14.7, p < 0.001), and in children with evening chronotype than those with morning or neither preference (23.3 ± 14.8 vs. 20.8 ± 19.7, p < 0.01). Children with parent-reported below average IQ and children of parents without a college degree also had higher PAIRS scores. Those with ≥ 33 on PAIRS had higher scores on all ABC subscales. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression modeling showed that higher ABC Hyperactivity, ABC Social Withdrawal, and ABC Irritability scores, parent-reported below average IQ, and an evening chronotype significantly increased the odds of being rated ≥ 33 on the PAIRS.

Conclusion

PAIRS can be used for insomnia screening, as an outcome measure in clinical trials and in clinical care for autistic children.