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<p>Bullying victimization (BV) is a pervasive chronic stressor associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in adolescents, affecting 18.8–27.3% of Chinese youth. Although cross-sectional links are established, longitudinal trajectories and bidirectional dynamics of BV and FGIDs in China are underexplored, hindering targeted interventions. This study mapped BV developmental trajectories, identified subgroups, examined co-developmental associations with FGIDs, and tested bidirectional relationships among Chinese adolescents. A three-wave longitudinal cohort of 5,344 adolescents in Yunnan Province was analyzed. BV was measured via the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, and FGIDs via Rome IV criteria. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) depicted BV trajectories; latent class growth analysis (LCGA) identified subgroups; parallel-process LGCM assessed co-development; and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) evaluated bidirectional effects. BV exhibited a linear decline (intercept: 0.71, slope: -0.12, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). LCGA identified four trajectories: declining (59.9%), high-stable (16.6%), rapidly increasing (6.5%), and gradually increasing (17.0%). Parallel-process LGCM revealed positive correlations between initial BV and FGID levels (β = 0.17, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and change rates (β = 0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.001). RI-CLPM showed a positive between-person correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and unidirectional within-person effect, with BV predicting FGIDs (β = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.015) but not vice versa (β = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.759). Findings highlight heterogeneous BV trajectories and their predictive impact on FGIDs in Chinese adolescents, emphasizing unidirectional BV influence. This underscores early screening and anti-bullying interventions to reduce FGIDs and enhance health in high-risk contexts.</p>

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Longitudinal Association Between Bullying Victimization and Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) in Chinese Adolescents: Trajectories and Bidirectional Associations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Tariq Siraj Qazi,
  • Chuanzhi Xu,
  • Xin Tian,
  • Yi Xiang,
  • Xinyi Liu,
  • Xiang Wang,
  • Bang Wang,
  • Jin Lu,
  • Yuanyuan Xiao

摘要

Bullying victimization (BV) is a pervasive chronic stressor associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in adolescents, affecting 18.8–27.3% of Chinese youth. Although cross-sectional links are established, longitudinal trajectories and bidirectional dynamics of BV and FGIDs in China are underexplored, hindering targeted interventions. This study mapped BV developmental trajectories, identified subgroups, examined co-developmental associations with FGIDs, and tested bidirectional relationships among Chinese adolescents. A three-wave longitudinal cohort of 5,344 adolescents in Yunnan Province was analyzed. BV was measured via the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, and FGIDs via Rome IV criteria. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) depicted BV trajectories; latent class growth analysis (LCGA) identified subgroups; parallel-process LGCM assessed co-development; and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) evaluated bidirectional effects. BV exhibited a linear decline (intercept: 0.71, slope: -0.12, p < 0.001). LCGA identified four trajectories: declining (59.9%), high-stable (16.6%), rapidly increasing (6.5%), and gradually increasing (17.0%). Parallel-process LGCM revealed positive correlations between initial BV and FGID levels (β = 0.17, p < 0.001) and change rates (β = 0.24, p = 0.001). RI-CLPM showed a positive between-person correlation (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) and unidirectional within-person effect, with BV predicting FGIDs (β = 0.19, p = 0.015) but not vice versa (β = 0.02, p = 0.759). Findings highlight heterogeneous BV trajectories and their predictive impact on FGIDs in Chinese adolescents, emphasizing unidirectional BV influence. This underscores early screening and anti-bullying interventions to reduce FGIDs and enhance health in high-risk contexts.