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<p>Cobalt selenide thin films were electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide substrates from aqueous electrolytes with different cobalt ion/selenite ion concentration ratios in 1 molar nitric acid. The electrochemical behavior and nucleation–growth mechanisms were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. A quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled electrochemical process with three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation was identified for all electrolyte compositions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cobalt and selenium in the deposited films and showed that their elemental composition depended on the electrolyte composition. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of predominantly orthorhombic cobalt selenide with a minor cubic phase and crystallite sizes ranging from 13 to 23 nanometres. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy indicated direct optical band gap energies between 1.73 and 2.02 electron volts. The results demonstrated that the electrolyte composition significantly influenced the elemental composition, nucleation behavior, crystal structure, and optical properties of the deposited films, highlighting their potential as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Electrolyte concentration effects on the mechanisms of electrodeposited cobalt selenide thin films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Chaimaa El Haimer,
  • Amal Adli,
  • Youssef Lghazi,
  • Aziz Aynaou,
  • Jihane Bahar,
  • Boubaker Youbi,
  • Itto Bimaghra

摘要

Cobalt selenide thin films were electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide substrates from aqueous electrolytes with different cobalt ion/selenite ion concentration ratios in 1 molar nitric acid. The electrochemical behavior and nucleation–growth mechanisms were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. A quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled electrochemical process with three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation was identified for all electrolyte compositions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cobalt and selenium in the deposited films and showed that their elemental composition depended on the electrolyte composition. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of predominantly orthorhombic cobalt selenide with a minor cubic phase and crystallite sizes ranging from 13 to 23 nanometres. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy indicated direct optical band gap energies between 1.73 and 2.02 electron volts. The results demonstrated that the electrolyte composition significantly influenced the elemental composition, nucleation behavior, crystal structure, and optical properties of the deposited films, highlighting their potential as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications.

Graphical Abstract