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<p>Electric vehicles have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional transportation within global decarbonization efforts. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are predominantly used in these electric vehicles due to their high energy density, efficiency, and long lifecycle. However, the rapid rise in spent lithium-ion batteries introduces significant environmental concerns due to hazardous materials such as fluorine and substantial amounts of critical metals. Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is therefore essential for environmental protection and resource conservation. In this study, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach was developed for recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion battery cathode active material (LiCoO<sub>2</sub>). Instead of using expensive reducing agents like H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, waste anodic copper (used for anode current collectors) present in the spent LIBs was used in an H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leaching system as a reducing agent. The optimized leaching conditions include a stoichiometric amount of anodic copper, 1.4 times the amount of stoichiometric acid content, a leaching temperature of 70&#xa0;°C, and a leaching duration of 4&#xa0;h resulting in 99% cathode active material dissolution. Subsequent electrowinning process to selectively recover dissolved copper achieved a current efficiency of 99.6% and a copper recovery rate of 98.5% at a current density of 40&#xa0;mA cm<sup>− 2</sup> and 70&#xa0;°C. The successful recovery of copper rendered the leach solution free from major impurities, thereby facilitating further recovery of other valuable metals such as cobalt and lithium.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recycling of anodic copper used as a reductant after reductive leaching of lithium cobalt oxide from spent lithium-batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Venkata Hanuma Kumar Lukka,
  • Prasanta Jana,
  • Prakash Venkatesan,
  • Mehmet Ali Recai Önal,
  • Kishore Babu Nagumothu,
  • Chenna Rao Borra

摘要

Electric vehicles have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional transportation within global decarbonization efforts. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are predominantly used in these electric vehicles due to their high energy density, efficiency, and long lifecycle. However, the rapid rise in spent lithium-ion batteries introduces significant environmental concerns due to hazardous materials such as fluorine and substantial amounts of critical metals. Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is therefore essential for environmental protection and resource conservation. In this study, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach was developed for recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion battery cathode active material (LiCoO2). Instead of using expensive reducing agents like H2O2, waste anodic copper (used for anode current collectors) present in the spent LIBs was used in an H2SO4 leaching system as a reducing agent. The optimized leaching conditions include a stoichiometric amount of anodic copper, 1.4 times the amount of stoichiometric acid content, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, and a leaching duration of 4 h resulting in 99% cathode active material dissolution. Subsequent electrowinning process to selectively recover dissolved copper achieved a current efficiency of 99.6% and a copper recovery rate of 98.5% at a current density of 40 mA cm− 2 and 70 °C. The successful recovery of copper rendered the leach solution free from major impurities, thereby facilitating further recovery of other valuable metals such as cobalt and lithium.

Graphical abstract