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<p>Developing active and affordable non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction is crucial for advancing proton exchange membrane fuel cells, yet their instability in acidic media limits application. In this study, an in-situ polymerization–carbonization strategy is used to synthesize Mo<sub>2</sub>C/WC heterostructure nanocatalysts embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon. The catalyst shows outstanding acidic HOR activity, delivering a current density (j) of 2.85&#xa0;mA cm<sup>− 2</sup> at 0.1&#xa0;V (vs. RHE) and excellent durability, retaining 84% activity after 5,000 cycles. Dopamine-derived N-doped carbon promotes heterojunction formation via interfacial confinement, yielding a stable nanocrystal–carbon structure. Moreover, a passivation layer composed of graphitic carbon and high-valence Mo-W oxyhydroxides is formed in situ during long-term electrochemical cycling, providing electronic conductivity and chemical inertness to suppress metal dissolution and ultimately leading to progressive stabilization of catalytic activity. This work offers a robust strategy for designing active, acid-tolerant non-precious HOR catalysts.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Confined bimetallic carbide heterojunctions for acidic hydrogen oxidation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Lanqi Shan,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Xiaoyao Tan,
  • Hongbo Zhao,
  • Yuanyuan Chu

摘要

Developing active and affordable non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction is crucial for advancing proton exchange membrane fuel cells, yet their instability in acidic media limits application. In this study, an in-situ polymerization–carbonization strategy is used to synthesize Mo2C/WC heterostructure nanocatalysts embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon. The catalyst shows outstanding acidic HOR activity, delivering a current density (j) of 2.85 mA cm− 2 at 0.1 V (vs. RHE) and excellent durability, retaining 84% activity after 5,000 cycles. Dopamine-derived N-doped carbon promotes heterojunction formation via interfacial confinement, yielding a stable nanocrystal–carbon structure. Moreover, a passivation layer composed of graphitic carbon and high-valence Mo-W oxyhydroxides is formed in situ during long-term electrochemical cycling, providing electronic conductivity and chemical inertness to suppress metal dissolution and ultimately leading to progressive stabilization of catalytic activity. This work offers a robust strategy for designing active, acid-tolerant non-precious HOR catalysts.

Graphical abstract