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<p>Semiconductor-ionic heterostructure (SIH) has emerged as a promising class of oxide-based electrolytes for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), leveraging interfacial conduction to facilitate rapid transport pathways. In this study, a series of xCo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:ySm<sub>0.2</sub>Ce<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>2−δ</sub> composites with varying weight ratios (x: y = 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 9:1) were synthesized to elucidate the role of semiconductor-ionic heterointerfaces in modulating electrochemical performance. Notably, the 5Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:5Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Ce<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>2−δ</sub> composition exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 0.06&#xa0;S cm<sup>− 1</sup> under a 3% H<sub>2</sub>O humidified 4% H<sub>2</sub> + 96% N<sub>2</sub> environment at 550˚C. Structural and electrical characterisation further revealed that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies at the heterointerfaces facilitates charge carrier migration. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis revealed a dominant hydration-assisted protonic conduction to the overall ionic conductivity under humidified conditions. These findings underscore the crucial role of interfacial engineering in enhancing ionic transport at heterostructure electrolytes, providing valuable insights for the design of high-performance solid oxide fuel cell applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Interfacial engineering of Co3O4-Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ heterostructure electrolytes for enhanced protonic conduction in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • Kalaimathi S,
  • Gunasekaran K,
  • Naoki Wakiya,
  • Suresh Babu K

摘要

Semiconductor-ionic heterostructure (SIH) has emerged as a promising class of oxide-based electrolytes for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), leveraging interfacial conduction to facilitate rapid transport pathways. In this study, a series of xCo3O4:ySm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ composites with varying weight ratios (x: y = 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 9:1) were synthesized to elucidate the role of semiconductor-ionic heterointerfaces in modulating electrochemical performance. Notably, the 5Co3O4:5Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ composition exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 0.06 S cm− 1 under a 3% H2O humidified 4% H2 + 96% N2 environment at 550˚C. Structural and electrical characterisation further revealed that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies at the heterointerfaces facilitates charge carrier migration. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis revealed a dominant hydration-assisted protonic conduction to the overall ionic conductivity under humidified conditions. These findings underscore the crucial role of interfacial engineering in enhancing ionic transport at heterostructure electrolytes, providing valuable insights for the design of high-performance solid oxide fuel cell applications.

Graphical Abstract