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<p>Polymer electrolytes are widely explored in the battery and supercapacitor industries due to their potential to enhance ionic conductivity, mechanical integrity, and environmental compatibility. Among these, natural polymer-based systems such as methylcellulose (MC) and dextran offer promising properties including flexibility, processability, and compatibility with eco-friendly materials. To further improve their electrochemical performance, plasticizers like glycerol and sorbitol are incorporated to enhance amorphous content and segmental mobility. This study aims to enhance ion mobility and transport efficiency by systematically varying glycerol content in a MC–dextran–sorbitol polymer electrolyte doped with CH<sub>3</sub>COONa and reinforced with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, while keeping the MC/dextran/sorbitol/salt/TiO<sub>2</sub> base composition constant across EO1–EO5. Five different samples were prepared using the solution casting method, with glycerol concentrations ranging from (8 to 40 wt%). The structural and molecular properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate ionic conductivity. Results show a significant decrease in bulk resistance (from 574,300 Ω to 487 Ω) and a corresponding increase in DC conductivity (from 0.00482 µS/cm to 8.89 µS/cm), indicating a roughly 1,844-fold improvement. XRD analysis demonstrated a gradual reduction in crystalline structure as the glycerol concentration increased, suggesting a rise in the amorphous phase that supports more efficient ion mobility. FTIR confirmed enhanced hydrogen bonding and polymer–plasticizer interactions. The results suggest that increasing glycerol improves ion mobility and segmental motion by reducing crystallinity. In conclusion, the polymer electrolyte system exhibits substantial enhancement in electrochemical properties with increasing glycerol content, demonstrating the effectiveness of plasticization in optimizing solid polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Tunable glycerol plasticization for high-performance MC–dextran–TiO2 polymer electrolytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Pshdar Ahmed Ibrahim,
  • Ibrahim Nazem Qader,
  • Abubakr Wsu Muhammed,
  • Shujahadeen B. Aziz,
  • Hazhar Hamad Rasul,
  • Safar Saeed Mohammed,
  • Dlshad Aziz Hamid,
  • Karukh Ali Babakr,
  • Peyman Aspoukeh,
  • Hossein Khojasteh,
  • Peshawa H. Mahmood,
  • Ibrahim Luqman Salih

摘要

Polymer electrolytes are widely explored in the battery and supercapacitor industries due to their potential to enhance ionic conductivity, mechanical integrity, and environmental compatibility. Among these, natural polymer-based systems such as methylcellulose (MC) and dextran offer promising properties including flexibility, processability, and compatibility with eco-friendly materials. To further improve their electrochemical performance, plasticizers like glycerol and sorbitol are incorporated to enhance amorphous content and segmental mobility. This study aims to enhance ion mobility and transport efficiency by systematically varying glycerol content in a MC–dextran–sorbitol polymer electrolyte doped with CH3COONa and reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles, while keeping the MC/dextran/sorbitol/salt/TiO2 base composition constant across EO1–EO5. Five different samples were prepared using the solution casting method, with glycerol concentrations ranging from (8 to 40 wt%). The structural and molecular properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate ionic conductivity. Results show a significant decrease in bulk resistance (from 574,300 Ω to 487 Ω) and a corresponding increase in DC conductivity (from 0.00482 µS/cm to 8.89 µS/cm), indicating a roughly 1,844-fold improvement. XRD analysis demonstrated a gradual reduction in crystalline structure as the glycerol concentration increased, suggesting a rise in the amorphous phase that supports more efficient ion mobility. FTIR confirmed enhanced hydrogen bonding and polymer–plasticizer interactions. The results suggest that increasing glycerol improves ion mobility and segmental motion by reducing crystallinity. In conclusion, the polymer electrolyte system exhibits substantial enhancement in electrochemical properties with increasing glycerol content, demonstrating the effectiveness of plasticization in optimizing solid polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications.

Graphical abstract