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<p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are highly valued for their simple manufacturing process and environmental friendliness, but the commonly used counter electrode material (platinum Pt) has excellent electrochemical performance yet suffers from high cost and insufficient stability. This study uses phytic acid (Pa, a biomass-derived carbon/phosphorus source) and melamine (a nitrogen source) as precursors to prepare nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped flake-like carbon materials (labeled as NP@C-900) via a hydrothermal co-doping strategy to replace platinum. After high-temperature carbonization, the phosphorus elements from Pa and nitrogen elements from melamine are co-introduced into the carbon material to form active sites, thereby enhancing its electrochemical performance. Leveraging the intrinsic stability of carbon, NP@C-900 achieves balanced electrochemical performance and stability. In photoelectric conversion tests, DSSCs with NP@C-900 counter electrodes yield a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.79%, statistically equivalent to the platinum benchmark (8.64%). While exhibiting lower intrinsic catalytic activity (ΔE<sub>PP</sub> = 489 mV vs. Pt’s 310 mV), NP@C-900 demonstrates superior stability (92.87% PCE retention after 168&#xa0;h) and cost-effectiveness. This study provided a new strategy for developing low-cost, high-performance counter electrodes for DSSCs. </p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Preparation of N, P co-doped flake-like carbon materials and their application in counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Jinzhong Wang,
  • Yikai Ling,
  • Ti Liang,
  • Rui Tian,
  • Yanan Li,
  • Guangzai Nong

摘要

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are highly valued for their simple manufacturing process and environmental friendliness, but the commonly used counter electrode material (platinum Pt) has excellent electrochemical performance yet suffers from high cost and insufficient stability. This study uses phytic acid (Pa, a biomass-derived carbon/phosphorus source) and melamine (a nitrogen source) as precursors to prepare nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped flake-like carbon materials (labeled as NP@C-900) via a hydrothermal co-doping strategy to replace platinum. After high-temperature carbonization, the phosphorus elements from Pa and nitrogen elements from melamine are co-introduced into the carbon material to form active sites, thereby enhancing its electrochemical performance. Leveraging the intrinsic stability of carbon, NP@C-900 achieves balanced electrochemical performance and stability. In photoelectric conversion tests, DSSCs with NP@C-900 counter electrodes yield a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.79%, statistically equivalent to the platinum benchmark (8.64%). While exhibiting lower intrinsic catalytic activity (ΔEPP = 489 mV vs. Pt’s 310 mV), NP@C-900 demonstrates superior stability (92.87% PCE retention after 168 h) and cost-effectiveness. This study provided a new strategy for developing low-cost, high-performance counter electrodes for DSSCs.

Graphical Abstract